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Ihre Dr. E. Wolkenstein

TI:
Interaction of drugs and Chinese herbs: Pharmacokinetic changes of tolbutamide and diazepam caused by extract of Angelica dahurica

AU:
Isihara-K; Kushida-H; Yuzurihara-M; Wakui-Y; Yanagisawa-T; Kamei-H; Ohmori-S; Kitada-M

AF:
Safety & Drug Metabolism Department, New Drug Discovery Laboratory, Tsumura & Co. 3586 Yoshiwara, Ami-machi, Inashikigun, Ibaraki 300-1192, Japan; Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Chiba University, 1-33, Yayoi-cho, Inage-ku, Chiba 263-8522, Ibaraki 300-1192, Japan

SO:
Journal-of-pharmacy-and-pharmacology. 2000; 52 (8): 1023-1029

FTXT:
EBSCO Online

IS:
0022-3573

PY:
2000

CP:
United-Kingdom

LA:
English

BL:
Analytic

PT:
Serial

AB:
The inhibitory effects of Angelica dahurica root extract on rat liver microsomal cytochrome P450 and drug-drug interactions were studied. The 2a- and 16a-hydroxylase activity of testosterone were most strongly inhibited, with 17.2% and 28.5% of their activity remaining, respectively, after oral administration of A. dahurica extract at a 1 g kg^-1 dose. 6β-Hydroxylase activity was also inhibited, with 70% of its activity remaining, under the same conditions. In addition, treatment with the extract inhibited the metabolism of tolbutamide, nifedipine and bufuralol. These results showed that the extract inhibited the various isoforms of cytochrome P450 such as CYP2C, CYP3A and CYP2D1. The A. dahurica extract delayed elimination of tolbutamide after intravenous administration at a 10 mg kg^-1 dose to rats. Thus, the extract altered the liver intrinsic clearance. It had little effect, however, on the pharmacokinetic parameters of diazepam after diazepam after intravenous administration at 10 mg kg^-1. Since diazepam showed high clearance, it underwent hepatic blood flow rate-limited metabolism. Therefore, the change of intrinsic clearance had little effect on hepatic clearance. However, the_max value after oral administration of diazepam with extract treatment was four times that with non-treatment. It was suggested that the first-pass effect was changed markedly by the extract. High-dose (1 g kg^-1), but not low dose (0.3 g kg^-1), administration of A. dahurica extract increased significantly the duration of rotarod disruption following intravenous administration of diazepam at 5 mg kg^-1. It was concluded that administration of A. dahurica extract has the potential to interfere with the metabolism, by liver cytochrome P450, of other drugs.

TI:
The immunomarker of aging and the modulatory effect of Chinese medicinal herbs on the dysfunction of lymphocytes in the elderly

AU:
Junda-Liu; Shu-Wang; Hongtao-Liu; Chunling-Zhang; Liping-Yang; Jinglian-Zhang

AF:
Department of Immunology, Beijing Institute of Geriatrics, Beijing Hospital, 1 Dahua Lu, Dongda, Beijing, 100730, China

SO:
Journal-of-environmental-pathology-toxicology-and-oncology. 2000; 19 (1-2): 153-158

IS:
0731-8898

PY:
2000

CP:
United-States

LA:
English

BL:
Analytic

PT:
Serial

AB:
Purpose: This study examined an immunomarker of aging and evaluated the modulatory effect of Chinese medicinal herbs (CMH) on the immune function of lymphocytes in the elderly. Methods: Forty-seven elderly and fifteen young persons were selected as study subjects. Peripheral blood lymphocytes (PBL) were isolated by Ficoll-Hypaque gradient centrifugation. The responsive proliferation was investigated by means of the ³H-TdR incorporation procedure. The phenotype and receptor of lymphocytes were measured using indirect immunofluorescence. Results: Both Rgl and Gy-P significantly increased the responsive proliferation of lymphocytes in the elderly, p < 0.001and p < 0.05, respectively. Rg1 also had a stimulatory effect on the receptor, CD25, and phenotype, CD45RA, CD45RO, in lymphocytes in aged persons. The immunomarker of aging was established by multiparametric indications on the basis of study at the cellular and molecular levels. Conclusion: The possibility exists that a lowered immune function can be reversed with modulation. In the near future, a highly purified, nontoxic, and more effective immunomodulator could be produced from CMH as an antiaging drug.

TI:
The characteristic pattern of aminoaciduria in patients with aristolochic acid-induced Fanconi syndrome : Could iminoaciduria be the hallmark of this syndrome?

AU:
Tanaka-A; Nishida-R; Yokoi-H; Kuwahara-T

AF:
Department of Nephrology, Saiseikai Nakatsu Hospital, Kyoto, Japan; Laboratory of Chemical Ecology, Division of Applied Life Sciences, Kyoto University, Kyoto, Japan

SO:
Clinical-nephrology. 2000; 54 (3): 198-202

IS:
0301-0430

PY:
2000

CP:
Germany

LA:
English

BL:
Analytic

PT:
Serial

AB:
Background: In Japan the patients with Chinese herbs nephropathy (CHN), aristolochic acids- (AAs) associated renal failure, often present Fanconi syndrome. The aim of this study was to investigate the pattern of aminoaciduria in patients with AAs-induced Fanconi syndrome and to clarify whether it is different from other Fanconi syndromes reported in the literature. Subjects and methods: The subjects consisted of 4 patients with Fanconi syndrome due to AAs. We studied biochemical data and urinary excretion of amino acids in the 4 patients. Amino acids in their urine were analyzed by high performance liquid chromatography (HPLC). Results: Three out of 4 patients showed in common very increased excretion of proline, hydroxyproline and citruline. Last patient showed the very increased levels of proline and valine. Regarding glycine, which is considered to belong to the same group as imino acid and to be shared with high-affinity transport system ofproline, there was not very increased excretion. Conclusion: These findings suggest that AAs would predominantly affect the low-affinity transport system ofproline in the brushborder membrane of proximal tubules because the low-affinity system is considered not to be shared with glycine transport.

TI:
Chinese herbal mixture PC SPES in treatment of prostate cancer (Review)

AU:
Darzynkiewicz-Z; Traganos-F; Wu-J-M; Chen-S

AF:
Brander Cancer Research Institute at New York Medical College, Valhalla, NY, United States; Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology at New York Medical College, Valhalla, NY, United States; NovaSpes Research Labs, Hawthorne, NY, United States

SO:
International-journal-of-oncology. 2000; 17 (4): 729-736

IS:
1019-6439

PY:
2000

CP:
Greece

LA:
English

BL:
Analytic

PT:
Serial

AB:
The Chinese herbal preparation denoted PC SPES, a mixture consisting of extracts from eight herbs, is being used with increasing frequency by prostate cancer patients worldwide. Evidence has emerged that PC SPES is an effective modality that alleviates some symptoms in advanced prostate cancer in a significant proportion of patients including the cases that failed conventional therapy. This evidence as well as published data that show the effects of PC SPES in suppressing growth of prostate cancer in animal model studies, is reviewed together with the available data on the possible side effects of PC SPES. The review also covers in vitro studies that reveal the cell cycle specificity, induction of apoptosis, effects on androgen receptor and other molecular and metabolic changes induced by PC SPES that may explain its anticancer activity. Individual chemical components that are present in herbs of which PC SPES is composed, known to have antiproliferative, antitumor, antimutagenic, analgesic and/or differentiation inducing activity, are listed and discussed. The effectiveness of PC SPES in prostate cancer is explained as due to its complex composition which may target many signal transduction and metabolic pathways simultaneously thereby eliminating the back-up or redundant mechanisms that otherwise promote cell survival when single-target agents are used.

TI:
Effectiveness of the Kampo kami-shoyo-san (TJ-24) for tremor of antipsychotic-induced parkinsonism

AU:
Ishikawa-Toshihiro; Funahasi-Tatsuhide; Kudo-Junichiro

AF:
Department of Psychiatry, Nagoya University Graduate School of Medicine, Aichi, Japan; Ishikawa Herbal Clinic, Aichi, Japan; Higashiowari National Hospital, Aichi, Japan

SO:
Psychiatry-and-clinical-neurosciences. 2000; 54 (5): 579-582

IS:
1341-0695

PY:
2000

CP:
Japan

LA:
English

BL:
Analytic

PT:
Serial

AB:
The aim of the present study was to evaluate the effectiveness of the Kampo medication kami-shoyo-san against tremor due to antipsychotic-induced parkinsonism. Kami-shoyo-san consists of several medicinal herbs that are known in traditional Chinese medicine to be effective in treating Parkinson's disease and convulsions. We gave kami-shoyo-san to eight patients at Higashiowari National Hospital who were exhibiting tremor, a symptom of antipsychotic-induced parkinsonism. The tremor was evaluated on a five-point scale before and after the administration of kami-shoyo-san, and the findings were compared statistically. The results showed a statistically significant reduction in the tremor after the administration of kami-shoyo-san (P < 0.01), with 62.5% of patients showing an improvement of one point or more. The tremor did not worsen in any of the patients, and none complained of side-effects. Thus, kami-shoyo-san appears to be effective against the tremor from parkinsonism. Kami-shoyo-san consists of 10 medicinal herbs, including Radix Bulpleuri, Radix Paeoniae, Radix Angelicae Sinensis, and Radix Glycyrrhizae, which are effective in treating disturbances in muscular movement according to TCM theory. Of the 10 herbs contained in kami-shoyo-san, we believe the abovementioned ones are particularly effective in helping to reduce the tremor associated with parkinsonism.