Chest
Original ResearchLung CancerAssociation Between Sputum Atypia and Lung Cancer Risk in an Occupational Cohort in Yunnan, China
Section snippets
Study Design and Participants
The Yunnan Tin Corporation (YTC) study is a one-armed prospective cohort study initiated in 1992 with annual follow-up through 2001. Participants were tin miners in Yunnan, China and with at least 10 years of underground radon and/or arsenic exposure. Detailed inclusion criteria are presented elsewhere.16
At the time of enrollment, all participants completed standardized baseline questionnaires that included demographic characteristics; residential, occupational, smoking, and medical histories;
Results
In this study, all analyses were restricted to the 9,084 participants who received at least one sputum cytology screening and had adequate results. Characteristics of the study participants are presented in Table 1. Most participants were men (93.9%), with women accounting for only 6.1% of participants. At the time of enrollment, 66.1% of participants were 40 to 59 years old. Of the participants, 23.9% never attended school, and 84.9% had a history of smoking. Table 1 also shows cumulative
Discussion
In this study, we mainly investigated the association between sputum atypia and lung cancer risk. Our results showed that age, asthma, and occupational radon and arsenic exposure were independent risk factors for sputum atypia (moderate atypia or worse). In addition, male gender, older age, less education, smoking, occupational radon and arsenic exposure, and prior pulmonary disease were all potential risk factors of lung cancer (incidence or death). These findings were similar to the earlier
Acknowledgment
We thank the staff of The Third People's Hospital of Honghe Prefecture, Gejiu City, Yunnan, China for their assistance in the collection of the follow-up data on the YTC screening cohort. We thank William Hocking, MD, Marshfield Clinic, and Paul Kvale, MD, Henry Ford Hospital, for their critical comments.
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None of the authors have any financial interests in the subject matter or any actual or potential conflicts of interest.
This study was supported by the National Cancer Institute/National Institutes of Health, grant No. 263-MQ-511694. This article describes an ancillary study for the National Cancer Institute project “The Study of Early Markers of Lung Cancer Among Tin Miners in Yunnan China,” a federally funded registered clinical trial.
Reproduction of this article is prohibited without written permission from the American College of Chest Physicians (www.chestjournal.org/misc/reprints.shtml).