Amanita muscaria: chemistry, biology, toxicology, and ethnomycology

doi:10.1017/S0953756203007305

Mycological Research

Volume 107, Issue 2, February 2003, Pages 131-146

https://doi.org/10.1017/S0953756203007305 Get rights and content

The fly agaric is a remarkable mushroom in many respects; these are its bearing, history, chemical components and the poisoning that it provokes when consumed. The ‘pantherina’ poisoning syndrome is characterized by central nervous system dysfunction. The main species responsible are Amanita muscaria and A. pantherina (Amanitaceae); however, some other species of the genus have been suspected for similar actions. Ibotenic acid and muscimol are the active components, and probably, some other substances detected in the latter species participate in the psychotropic effects. The use of the mushroom started in ancient times and is connected with mysticism. Current knowledge on the chemistry, toxicology, and biology relating to this mushroom is reviewed, together with distinctive features concerning this unique species.

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ReviewAmanita muscaria: chemistry, biology, toxicology, and ethnomycology

Journal of Molecular Structures

Tetrahedron Letters

Journal of Pharmaceutical Science

Phytochemistry

Brain Research

Neuroscience

Journal of Chromatography

Tetrahedron Letters

FEBS Letters

Journal of Chromatography

Journal of Ethnopharmacology

Brain Research

Biochemical Pharmacology

Carbohydrate Research

Experimental Neurology

Über die Synthese des Muscaflavins

Helvetica Chimica Acta

Chemotaxonomic significance of isoxazole derivatives in Amanita species

Lloydia

Mushroom poisoning in infants and children: the Amanita pantherina/muscaria group

Clinical Toxicology

The structural characterization of amavadin

Angewandte Chemie International Edition

Die Wirkung von Pilzfruchtkörpern auf Drosophila Maden

Zeitschrift für Mykologie

Constituents of Amanita muscaria

Nature

A chromatographic examination of the alkaloidal fraction of Amanita pantherina

Journal of the American Pharmaceutical Association Science Edition

The structure of muscimol, a GABA analogue of restricted conformation

Acta Chimica Scandinavica

Paper chromatographic determination of muscarine in Inocybe species

Journal of Pharmaceutical Science

Poisoning by Amanita crenulata

New England Journal of Medicine

Annotated checklist of the Amanitaceae (Agaricales, Basidiomycotina) of the Iberian Peninsula and Baleares Islands

Mycotaxon

Muscarine and muscarine isomers in selected Inocybe species

Helvetica Chimica Acta

L'Amanita muscaria: connaissance actuelle de ses principes actifs

Bulletin des Stupéfiants

Toxic metabolites of Amanita pantherina, A. cothurnata, A. Muscaria and other Amanita species

Lloydia

Inhibitory glutamate receptor channels

Molecular Neurobiology

Saggio di una chiave per la determinazione delle specie del genere Amanita osservate in Sardegna. Bollettino del Gruppo Micologico G

Bresadola

Un cas d'intoxication par A gemmata

Revue de Mycologie

Über Muscarin. Herstellung von racemishem Allomuscarin

Helvetica Chimica Acta

Uber Muscarin. Uber die Synthese von racemischem Muscarin, seine Spaltung in die Antipoden und die Herstellung von (-)-Muscarin aus D-Glucosamin

Helvetica Chimica Acta

The excitation and depression of spinal neurones by ibotenic acid

Journal of Physiolology

Visual diagnosis in emergency medicine

Journal of Emergency Medicine

Principes actifs et matières colorantes de l'amanite tue-mouches Amanita muscaria (Fries) Hooker. Constituents and pigments of the fly agaric Amanita muscaria (Fries) Hooker

Journal de Pharmacie de Belgique

Isolierung und Chromophore der Farbstoffe aus Amanita muscaria

Chemische Berichte

Eine chromatographische Analysenmethode für Betalainfarbstoffe in Pilzen und höheren Pflanzen

Zeitschrift für Naturforschung, C, Biosciences

Fliegenpilzfarbstoffe, VIII Die Konstitution der Muscaurine. (Pigments from fly agaric. VIII. Constitution of the muscaaurins.)

Liebigs Annalen der Chemie

Poisoning with brown fly agaric, Amanita regalis

Acta Medica Scandinavica

Notiz über weitere Vorkommen von Muscarin

Helvetica Chimica Acta

Review
Amanita muscaria: chemistry, biology, toxicology, and ethnomycology