Congenital cytomegalovirus – who, when, what-with and why to treat?

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Summary

Congenital cytomegalovirus (CMV) is the commonest cause of congenital infection worldwide and the leading non-genetic cause of sensorineural hearing loss in children. Appropriate investigations and timely decision on treatment is required as studies have shown that treatment with antiviral therapy leads to improved hearing and neurodevelopmental outcomes in the long term when started in the first month of life. This paper outlines the epidemiology, investigations in the diagnosis of congenital CMV infection and current evidence surrounding treatment.

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    Citation Excerpt :

    Till date, a number of studies on CMV vaccine development have been performed in clinical settings, without any promising results.16 Unlike well-assessed epidemiologic features including the transmission rate to the fetus in congenital CMV infection, the global incidence trend for CMV end-organ diseases in the general population encompassing severely immunocompromised and immunocompetent individuals has not been fully evaluated.12,17 Several studies analyzing anti-CMV-immunoglobulin G tests have shown that CMV seroprevalence rates varied from 20 to 100% according to region, race, socioeconomic status, sex, and age.9,18

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