Elsevier

Energy Reports

Volume 7, November 2021, Pages 6530-6564
Energy Reports

Review article
Survey on blockchain for future smart grids: Technical aspects, applications, integration challenges and future research

https://doi.org/10.1016/j.egyr.2021.09.112Get rights and content
Under a Creative Commons license
open access

Abstract

Smart Grid 2.0 is envisaged to automate the operations of the intelligent electricity grid. Blockchain and smart contracts are integrated to facilitate the transformation from DSO-centric operations to consumer-oriented, distributed electricity grid management. The envisaged smart grids, integrated with blockchain would provoke challenges, which would hinder the maximum utilization of Distribute Energy Resources (DERs). This comprehensive review aims at analyzing the applicability of blockchain technology in Smart Grid 2.0, which would facilitate a seamless decentralization process. Further, the paper elaborates the blockchain-based applications of future smart grid operations and the role of blockchain in each scenario. The paper further provides a concise analysis on the blockchain integration challenges, thereby ensure secure and scalable, decentralized operations of future, autonomous electricity networks.

Keywords

Smart Grid 2.0
Distribute Energy Resources
Blockchains
Integration challenges
Security
Scalability
De-centralization

Cited by (0)

Charithri Yapa received her B.Sc. degree (First Class Honors) in Electrical Engineering from the University of Moratuwa, Moratuwa, Sri Lanka, in 2016, the M.Sc. degree in Electrical and Computer Engineering from the University of Manitoba, Winnipeg, Canada, in 2019 and is currently reading for the Ph.D. degree in Electrical and Electronic Engineering from the University of Sri Jayewardenepura, Ratmalana, Sri Lanka. She is currently a Lecturer at the Department of Electrical and Electronic Engineering, Faculty of Engineering, University of Sri Jayewardenepura (USJ). Prior to joining USJ she has worked as a Research Assistant at the Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, University of Manitoba. Her research interests are Mathematical modeling of Power Systems for Control Studies, Smart grids and Blockchain applications.

Chamitha de Alwis is a Senior Lecturer/Head of Department in the Department of Electrical and Electronic Engineering, Faculty of Engineering, University of Sri Jayewardenepura, Sri Lanka. He also provides consultancy services for telecommunication related projects and activities. He received the B.Sc. degree (First Class Hons.) in Electronic and Telecommunication Engineering from the University of Moratuwa, Sri Lanka, in 2009, and the Ph.D. degree in Electronic Engineering from the University of Surrey, United Kingdom, in 2014. He has published over 20 peer-reviewed articles, contributed to various national and international projects related to ICT, and served as a guest editor, reviewer and TPC member in several international journals and conferences. He has also worked as a Consultant to the Telecommunication Regulatory Commission of Sri Lanka, an Advisor in IT Services in the University of Surrey, United Kingdom, and a Radio Network Planning and Optimization Engineer in Mobitel, Sri Lanka. He is also a senior member of IEEE. His research interests include 5G, 6G, IoT, blockchain, and network security.

Madhusanka Liyanage received his B.Sc. degree (First Class Honors) in electronics and telecommunication engineering from the University of Moratuwa, Moratuwa, Sri Lanka, in 2009, the M.Eng. degree from the Asian Institute of Technology, Bangkok, Thailand, in 2011, the M.Sc. degree from the University of Nice Sophia Antipolis, Nice, France, in 2011, and the Doctor of Technology degree in communication engineering from the University of Oulu, Oulu, Finland, in 2016. From 2011 to 2012, he worked as a Research Scientist at the I3S Laboratory and Inria, Sophia Antipolis, France. He is currently an assistant professor/Ad Astra Fellow at the School of Computer Science, University College Dublin, Ireland. He is also acting as an adjunct Processor at the Center for Wireless Communications, University of Oulu, Finland. He was also a recipient of the prestigious Marie Skłodowska-Curie Actions Individual Fellowship during 2018–2020. During 2015–2018, he has been a Visiting Research Fellow at the CSIRO, Australia, the Infolabs21, Lancaster University, U.K., Computer Science and Engineering, The University of New South Wales, Australia, School of IT, University of Sydney, Australia, LIP6, Sorbonne University, France and Computer Science and Engineering, The University of Oxford, U.K. He is also a senior member of IEEE. In 2020, he received the ”2020 IEEE ComSoc Outstanding Young Researcher” award by IEEE ComSoc EMEA. Dr. Liyanage’s research interests are 5G/6G, SDN, IoT, Blockchain, MEC, mobile, and virtual network security. More info: www.madhusanka.com

Janaka Ekanayake received the B.Sc degree in Electrical Engineering from the University of Peradeniya, Sri Lanka and Ph.D. from UMIST, UK. Currently he is the Chair Professor of Electrical and Electronic Engineering of the University of Peradeniya. He is also a visiting professor at the Cardiff University, UK and Universiti Tenaga Nasional, Malaysia. He is also visiting research fellow of the University of Wollongong, Australia. He is a Fellow of IEEE (USA), IET (UK), and IESL, Sri Lanka.

His main research interests include renewable energy generation and its integration and smart grid applications. He has published more than 60 SCI indexed journal papers, 20 SCOPUS indexed journal papers, and 30 other refereed journal papers. He also has co-authored 7 books and has more than 100 papers in conferences.

Prof Ekanayake was recognized as the most outstanding Senior Researcher in the field of Engineering in the University system in Sri Lanka in 2018. He also obtained NSF Research Awards for Scientific Excellence in 2018, and Presidential Awards for Research in 2002, 2003, 2007, 2015, 2016 and 2017.

His current research projects include “Artificial Intelligence framework for threat assessment and containment for COVID-19 and future epidemics while mitigating the socioeconomic impact to women, children, and underprivileged groups” funded by IDRC, Canada and “Designing, fabrication and testing a Smart Distribution Transformer for Voltage Regulation and Frequency Support” funded by the World Bank through Sri Lankan Government.