Genetic Association Studies in Obstetrics and GynecologySerotonin transporter, tryptophan hydroxylase, and monoamine oxidase A gene polymorphisms in premenstrual dysphoric disorder
Section snippets
Material and methods
The study was approved by the University Hospital of North Staffordshire Ethics Committee, and informed written consent was obtained from each participant. Women were recruited from a variety of sources: from advertisement on the hospital Intranet system, from general gynecology clinics, and from a specialized PMS clinic. One hundred five European white women between the ages of 18 and 48 years were enlisted and categorized into 2 groups: women with PMDD and control subjects. All of the women
Results
One hundred five European white women were categorized into 2 groups: women with PMDD (n = 53; age range, 27-46 years; mean, 37.7 years) and control subjects (n = 52; age range, 22-48 years; mean, 36.2 years). For each marker, the genotype distribution and allelic frequencies in the PMDD and control groups are shown in Table II, Table III. All genotype distributions conformed to the Hardy-Weinberg equilibrium, except for MAOA Fnu 4H1 in the PMDD cohort (chi-square test, 5.5981; degree of
Comment
To our knowledge, this study represents the first genotypic analysis of any TPH1 and MAOA polymorphisms in premenstrual dysphoria. However, a PMDD case-control comparison of the 3 5-HTT markers that were studied here was reported by Melke et al,29 who also found no significant association between 5-HTT genotype and PMDD.
There may be several explanations for our negative findings. First, clinical categorization of patients with PMDD can present a formidable challenge because of the subjective
Acknowledgment
We thank Dr Paul Hoban for his expert advice and for proofreading of the manuscript.
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2017, Psychiatry ResearchCitation Excerpt :PMS/PMDD are characterized by the recurrent, cyclical nature of emotional and physical symptoms, which occur specifically during the late luteal phase of the menstrual cycle, and are relieved during the follicular phase. Somatic and psychological symptoms of the disorder include irritability, breast tenderness, headaches, sleep disturbance, social withdrawal, anxiety/tension and affective lability (Association, 2013; Hylan et al., 1999; Johnson et al., 1988; Magnay et al., 2006; Rubinow and Schmidt, 2006; Steiner et al., 2003b; Weisz and Knaapen, 2009). A significant proportion of women with PMS self-report impairments in cognitive abilities such as concentration, memory, and motor coordination, which may interfere with normal functioning (Hylan et al., 1999; Steiner et al., 2003a).
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2010, Handbook of Behavioral NeuroscienceCitation Excerpt :For the most part, studies have reported a lack of association of the 218A/C polymorphism and other Tph1 polymorphisms with various anxiety disorders, including panic disorder (Fehr et al., 2001; Maron et al., 2005; Kim et al., 2006}, generalized anxiety disorder (Fehr et al., 2001; You et al., 2005) and obsessive-compulsive disorder (Han et al., 1999). Similarly, a lack of association of various Tph1 gene polymorphisms has been reported for many other disorders, including anorexia nervosa (Han et al., 1999), seasonal affective disorder (Johansson et al., 2001), premenstrual dysphoric disorder (Magnay et al., 2006), bulimia (Monteleone et al., 2007), autism (Ramoz et al., 2006) and narcolepsy (Fehr et al., 2001). Given the recent discovery of the Tph2 gene, only a limited number of genetic association studies of this gene have been reported.
Analysis of the serotonin transporter promoter rs25531 polymorphism in premenstrual dysphoric disorder
2010, American Journal of Obstetrics and GynecologyCitation Excerpt :DNA was extracted from leukocytes in ethylenediaminetetraacetic acid-anticoagulated blood with the use of standard techniques. A genomic region of SLC6A4 that encompassed both 5-HTTLPR and rs25531 was amplified in duplicate by polymerase chain reaction (PCR) with the use of the Qiagen HotStar PCR kit (Qiagen, Crawley, West Sussex, UK), as previously described,12 except that the initial denaturation step was reduced to 5 minutes, and 25 pmol of each primer was used per 25 μL reaction. To genotype 5-HTTLPR into L and S alleles, aliquots of the PCR products were electrophoresed on 2% agarose gels that contained 0.5 μg/mL ethidium bromide, and the bands were viewed under ultraviolet light.
Understanding and Treating Premenstrual Dysphoric Disorder: An Update for the Women's Health Practitioner
2009, Obstetrics and Gynecology Clinics of North AmericaCitation Excerpt :Several studies have attempted to delineate the genetic basis for differences in serotonin function and metabolism in women with PMDD. Research into AP-2, 5HT transporter, tryptophan hydroxylase, and monoamine oxidase genotypes has mostly been inconclusive.52,59,60 However, Praschak-Rieder and colleagues61 found an association between PMDD and 5HTLLPR heterozygosity in women with seasonal affective disorder, and Steiner and colleagues46 identified a relationship between polymorphism in the serotonin transporter gene and severity of PMDD symptoms.
Premenstrual dysphoric disorder
2009, Hormones, Brain and Behavior Online
Supported by a research grant awarded by the North Staffordshire Medical Institute.