Udder Orf Infection and its Role in Ovine Clinical Mastitis Caused by Pasteurella haemolytica
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Cited by (8)
Detection of contagious ovine ecthyma (orf) and risk factors for infection in small ruminants in Iran
2021, Comparative Immunology, Microbiology and Infectious DiseasesCitation Excerpt :Despite higher morbidity rate compared to mortality rate, susceptibility of younger animals, like lambs, to the disease is higher with significantly higher mortality [8]. Orf results in economic loss for the sheep industry, causing poor growth rates in mastitis and lambs in ewes [9,10]. Presently, live orf vaccines are available with the ability to control this disease.
Gastrointestinal trichostrongylosis can predispose ewes to clinical mastitis after experimental mammary infection
2017, Veterinary ParasitologyCitation Excerpt :Various factors may predispose sheep to clinical mastitis (Gelasakis et al., 2015; Fthenakis et al., 2017). Among them, some diseases through various pathogenetic pathways can predispose to the disease; these may include, for example, hindrance of systemic immune response efficacy (e.g., pregnancy toxaemia) or of local udder cellular defence mechanisms (e.g., orf) or increased mammary exposure to pathogens (e.g., udder impetigo) (Burriel, 1997; Mavrogianni et al., 2006b; Foster, 2012; Barbagianni et al., 2015b). The present work provides evidence regarding the potential predisposing role of gastrointestinal nematode infections in clinical mastitis.
Molecular epidemiology of an outbreak of clinical mastitis in sheep caused by Mannheimia haemolytica
2016, Veterinary MicrobiologyCitation Excerpt :The teats and the mammary gland lymphoid tissue are believed to have a protective role against penetration of the mammary gland by M. haemolytica (Mavrogiani et al., 2005). Teat injuries, either following infections (Burriel, 1997b) or sucking by lambs, may be important predisposing factors in clinical mastitis, as lambs may transfer this organism from their oral cavity into the udder more easily via an injured teat (Burriel, 1997b; Mavrogiani et al., 2005). A number of sheep breeders in Australia have suggested that clinical mastitis is one of the most significant disease problems they face, with peracute and gangrenous mastitis observed during lactation (Barber et al., 2006).
The role of Mannheimia species in ovine mastitis
2011, Veterinary MicrobiologyCitation Excerpt :The incidence of new cases of clinical mastitis per year, or lactation, in small ruminants is usually less than 5% (Jones and Watkins, 1998; Onnasch et al., 2002; Bergonier and Berthelot, 2003; Contreras et al., 2007). However, higher incidences of up to 22% have been reported (Fthenakis, 1994; Las Heras et al., 2002; Bergonier et al., 2003; Barber et al., 2006; Arsenault et al., 2008; Koop et al., 2010), particularly in outbreaks associated with particular environmental conditions or in association with other infectious diseases, such as scabby mouth (orf) (Burriel, 1997a). Poor mothering of lambs, either because of a reduced mothering instinct or because of udder problems, including those caused by intramammary infection, blind teats or poor nutrition, has been implicated as the most significant contributor to the high mortality rate in Merino lambs between birth and marketing (Moule, 1954).
Current status of contagious ecthyma or orf disease in goat and sheep-A global perspective
2011, Small Ruminant ResearchCitation Excerpt :Secondary effect of orf infection often leads to mastitis in ewes and incidence is more in unvaccinated ewes due to infection with Mannheimia haemolytica and coagulase-negative staphylococci compared to vaccinated ones (Watt, 1983; Reid, 1991). The increased iron concentration in milk easily utilized by M. haemolytica may lead to mastitis characterized by folding, hyperemia, mucosal thickness, and sub-epithelial leucocytic infiltration (Burriel, 1997; Mavrogianni et al., 2006). The presence of orf lesions in the teat duct also alters the defense mechanism of mammary gland (Mavrogianni et al., 2006; Mavrogianni and Fthenakis, 2007).
Ovine cytokines and their role in the immune response
1998, Veterinary Research