MinireviewPharmacology of barbiturate tolerance/dependence: GABAa receptors and molecular aspects
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2020, Behavioural Brain ResearchCitation Excerpt :Alcohol can attenuate stress levels by inhibiting excitatory glutamatergic transmission and enhancing inhibitory GABAergic activity in the brain [303]. Furthermore, barbiturates and benzodiazepines most likely exert their stress-reducing effects by the modulation of GABAA receptors [119], although at different binding sites from alcohol. They also allosterically increase the responses to GABA [5].
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2020, Neuroscience and Biobehavioral ReviewsCitation Excerpt :Two of the major pharmacological effects of alcohol are the inhibition of excitatory glutamatergic transmission and enhancement of inhibitory GABAergic activity (Spanagel, 2009). Barbiturates and benzodiazepines also modulate the GABAA-receptor (Ito et al., 1996), though at other binding sites than alcohol, and allosterically enhance responses to the inhibitory transmitter GABA (Allison and Pratt, 2003). Enhanced GABAA-receptor signaling may reduce innate anxiety and conditioned anxiety.
Rats treated with Hypericum perforatum during pregnancy generate offspring with behavioral changes in adulthood
2017, Revista Brasileira de FarmacognosiaCitation Excerpt :Such facts added to the hypothesis that Hp can cross the placental barrier could justify the results found in this work in which the use of Hp extract by pregnant mothers indicated reduction of the depressive- and anxious-like state of the descendants. Therefore, it is suggested that treatment with Hp extract during gestation has generated tolerance in the developing SNC of the fetuses (down-regulation) (Ito et al., 1996; Stahl, 1998; Liang et al., 2007). As neurodevelopment continues postnatally with the increase in the number of neurotransmitter receptors, such as 5-HT (Gaspar et al., 2003), NOR (Murrin et al., 2007) and GABA (Xia and Haddad, 1992), it is believed that a rebound increase in the number of these receptors (upregulation) has occurred during this period, which was able to reprogram regions of the brain related to anxiety and depressive behavior (such as the hippocampus) to a new state of normality.