Preparation of anhydrous lanthanide halides, especially iodides

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Abstract

A general method is described which can be used to synthesize nearly all the lanthanide halides in high purity and good yield. It involves heating in vacuo, a molecularly dispersed mixture of hydrated lanthanide halide with the proper ammonium halide until the water and ammonium halide are expelled to leave pure, anhydrous lanthanide halide. All tri-halides except the iodides of samarium and europium are obtained. These are obtained as di-halides. Optimum condition for synthesis are discussed. The procedure is the only one which has been reported for preparing pure anhydrous iodides with relatively simple apparatus and technique.

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Cited by (589)

  • Synthesis, spectroscopic properties and applications of divalent lanthanides apart from Eu <sup>2+</sup>

    2019, Journal of Luminescence
    Citation Excerpt :

    A simple thermal dehydration of the corresponding halide hydrates is not successful due to the previously mentioned oxyphilic character of the lanthanides that rather leads to the formation of thermodynamically stable oxyhalides,LnX3 + H2O → LnOX + 2 HXwhere X = F – I. A methodology that avoids these undesired side products is the so-called ammonium halide route [195–201]. It uses the hygroscopicity of NH4X to make the water content in principle chemically inaccessible during the thermally induced dehydration.

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Major support for this work was from Research Grant G7334 from the National Science Foundation.

Robert A. Welch Visiting Scholar at Prairie View Agricultural and Mechanical College, Prairie View, Texas, 1960–1961.

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