Skip to main content

Advertisement

Log in

The Autonomous City Explorer: Towards Natural Human-Robot Interaction in Urban Environments

  • Original Paper
  • Published:
International Journal of Social Robotics Aims and scope Submit manuscript

Abstract

The Autonomous City Explorer (ACE) project combines research from autonomous outdoor navigation and human-robot interaction. The ACE robot is capable of navigating unknown urban environments without the use of GPS data or prior map knowledge. It finds its way by interacting with pedestrians in a natural and intuitive way and building a topological representation of its surroundings. In a recent experiment the robot managed to successfully travel a 1.5 km distance from the campus of the Technische Universität München to Marienplatz, the central square of Munich. This article describes the principles and system components for navigation in urban environments, information retrieval through natural human-robot interaction, the construction of a suitable semantic representation as well as results from the field experiment.

This is a preview of subscription content, log in via an institution to check access.

Access this article

Price excludes VAT (USA)
Tax calculation will be finalised during checkout.

Instant access to the full article PDF.

Similar content being viewed by others

References

  1. Brooks R (1991) New approaches to robotics. Science 253:1227–1232

    Article  Google Scholar 

  2. Thrun S (2006) Stanley: The robot that won the DARPA grand challenge: Research articles. J Robotic Syst 23:661–692

    Google Scholar 

  3. Buehler M, Lagnemma K, Singh S (eds) (2008) J Field Robotics. Special issue on the 2007 DARPA Urban Challenge, Part I

  4. Morales Y, Takeuchi E, Carballo A, Tokunaga W, Kuniyoshi H, Aburadani A, Hirosawa A, Nagasaka Y, Suzuki Y, Tsubouchi T (eds) (2008) 1 km autonomous robot navigation on outdoor pedestrian paths. In: Proceedings of the IEEE/RSJ international conference on intelligent robots and systems (IROS)

  5. Burgard W, Cremers AB, Fox D, Hähnel D, Lakemeyer G, Schulz D, Steiner W, Thrun S (1999) Experiences with an interactive museum tour-guide robot. Artif Intell 114:3–55

    Article  MATH  Google Scholar 

  6. Thrun S, Beetz M, Bennewitz M, Burgard W, Cremers A, Dellaert F, Fox D, Haehnel D, Rosenberg C, Roy N, Schulte J, Schulz D (2000) Probabilistic algorithms and the interactive museum tour-guide robot Minerva. Int J Robotics Res 19:972–999

    Article  Google Scholar 

  7. Gross H-M, Böhme H-J, Schröter C, Müller S, König A, Martin C, Merten M, Bley A (2008) Shopbot: Progress in developing an interactive mobile shopping assistant for everyday use. In: Proceedings of the IEEE international conference on systems, man and cybernetics (IEEE-SMC)

  8. Fong TW, Nourbakhsh I, Ambrose R, Simmons R, Schultz A, Scholtz J (2005) The peer-to-peer human-robot interaction project. In: AIAA Space 2005

  9. Michalowski MP, Sabanovic S, DiSalvo CF, Font DB, Hiatt LM, Melchior N, Simmons R (2007) Socially distributed perception: GRACE plays social tag at AAAI 2005. Auton Robots 22:385–397

    Article  Google Scholar 

  10. Lauria S, Bugmann G, Kyriacou T, Klein E (2001) Instruction based learning: how to instruct a personal robot to find hal. In: Proceedings of the 9th European workshop on learning robots

  11. Hüttenrauch H, Eklundh K, Green EA (2006) Investigating spatial relationships in human-robot interaction. In: Proceedings of the international conference on intelligent robots and systems

  12. Topp EA, Christensen HI (2008) Detecting structural ambiguities and transitions during a guided tour. In: Proceedings of the international conference on robotics and automation

  13. Lidoris G, Klasing K, Bauer A, Xu T, Kühnlenz K, Wollherr D, Buss M (2007) The autonomous city explorer project: Aims and system overview. In: Proceedings of the IEEE/RSJ international conference on intelligent robots and systems (IROS)

  14. Klasing K, Lidoris G, Bauer A, Rohrmüller F, Wollherr D, Buss M (2008) The autonomous city explorer: Towards semantic navigation in urban environments. In: Proceedings of the 1st international workshop on cognition for technical systems (CoTeSys)

  15. Kühnlenz K, Bachmayer M, Buss M (2006) A multi-focal high-performance vision system. In: 2006 IEEE international conference on robotics and automation (ICRA)

  16. Thrun S, Burgard W, Fox D (2005) Probabilistic robotics. MIT Press, Cambridge

    MATH  Google Scholar 

  17. Doucet A, de Freitas JFG, Gordon NJ (2000) Sequential Monte Carlo methods in practice. Springer, New York

    Google Scholar 

  18. Lidoris G, Wollherr D, Buss M (2008) Bayesian state estimation and behavior selection for autonomous robotic exploration in dynamic environments. In: 2008 IEEE/RSJ international conference on intelligent robots and systems (IROS)

  19. Beeson P, Jong NK, Kuipers B (2005) Towards autonomous topological place detection using the extended Voronoi graph. In: International Conference of robotics and automation (ICRA), Barcelona, Spain

  20. Yamauchi B (1998) Frontier-based exploration using multiple robots. In: Second international conference on autonomous agents

  21. Stachniss C, Grisetti G, Burgard W (2005) Information gain-based exploration using Rao-Blackwellized particle filters. In: Robotics: science and systems (RSS)

  22. Philippsen R, Siegwart R (2003) Smooth and efficient obstacle avoidance for a tour guide robot. In: IEEE international conference of robotics and automation (ICRA)

  23. Mühlbauer Q, Kühnlenz K, Buss M (2008) A model-based algorithm to estimate body poses using stereo vision. In: Proceedings of the 17th international symposium on robot and human interactive communication

  24. Lienhart R, Maydt J (2002) Extended set of Haar-like features for rapid object detection. In: Proceedings of the international conference on image processing

  25. Wunderlich D (1978) Wie analysiert man Gespräche? Beispiel: Wegauskünfte. Linguist Ber 58:41–76

    Google Scholar 

  26. Bühler K (1934/1990) Theory of language. The representational function of language. Benjamins, Amsterdam

    Google Scholar 

  27. Schröder M, Trouvain J (2003) The German text-to-speech synthesis system MARY: A tool for research, development and teaching. Int J Speech Technol 6:365–377

    Article  Google Scholar 

  28. Weiss A, Bernhaupt R, Tscheligi M, Wollherr D, Kühnlenz K, Buss M (2008) A methodological variation for acceptance evaluation of human-robot interaction in public places. In: International symposium on robot and human interactive communication

Download references

Author information

Authors and Affiliations

Authors

Corresponding author

Correspondence to Andrea Bauer.

Rights and permissions

Reprints and permissions

About this article

Cite this article

Bauer, A., Klasing, K., Lidoris, G. et al. The Autonomous City Explorer: Towards Natural Human-Robot Interaction in Urban Environments. Int J of Soc Robotics 1, 127–140 (2009). https://doi.org/10.1007/s12369-009-0011-9

Download citation

  • Received:

  • Accepted:

  • Published:

  • Issue Date:

  • DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s12369-009-0011-9

Keywords

Navigation