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Dung beetle community patterns in Western Europe: responses of Scarabaeinae to landscape and environmental filtering

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Abstract

Context

Mediterranean landscapes from Europe have undergone recent biodiversity changes. The intensification of human activities and the fragmentation of open habitats now affect many taxonomic groups, such as dung beetles, which have benefited from centuries of extensive herding. Nevertheless, dung beetles’ responses to landscape composition have been rarely investigated in this context.

Objectives

We explored how dung beetle communities (species occurrences, abundances and traits) were influenced by temperature and by soil and landscape characteristics and examined residual co-occurrence patterns that may reflect interspecific interactions.

Methods

We used an extensive dataset on Scarabaeinae dung beetles from southern France (31 species, 117 sites) to evaluate how landscape composition and fragmentation, climate and soil characteristics jointly influence dung beetle communities across this region. We used hierarchical joint species distribution models to characterize (co)variation in the responses of species and to connect such responses to species-specific traits.

Results

Temperature, soil and landscape characteristics shape dung beetle communities and species’ thermal tolerance was connected to their soil preferences. Fragmentation was negatively associated with beetle abundance while forest cover was positively associated with species richness and with abundance. There was little evidence of residual associations among dung beetle species, suggesting that species interactions do not play a major role in community assembly.

Conclusion

K-selected species were over-represented among the rarest species. The effects of fragmentation and forest cover indicate that a conservation plan based on connected, heterogeneous habitats with low-density grazing should be promoted to preserve ecological functions linked to these insects.

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Data availability

The datasets generated during and/or analyzed during the current study are available from the corresponding author on reasonable request.

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Acknowledgements

We would like to acknowledge the two anonymous reviewers for their feedback. We also acknowledge CSC – IT Center for Science, Finland, for access to their computational resources.

Funding

OO was funded by the Academy of Finland (Grant No. 309581), Jane and Aatos Erkko Foundation, Research Council of Norway through its Centres of Excellence Funding Scheme (223257), and the European Research Council (ERC) under the European Union’s Horizon 2020 research and innovation programme (Grant Agreement No 856506; ERC-synergy project LIFEPLAN). MJ was supported by the Academy of Finland’s ‘Thriving Nature’ research profiling action.

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Authors and Affiliations

  1. CEFE, Univ Paul Valéry Montpellier 3, Univ Montpellier, CNRS, EPHE, IRD, Montpellier, France

    Camila Leandro, William Perrin & Pierre Jay-Robert

  2. Organismal and Evolutionary Biology Research Programme, University of Helsinki, P.O. Box 65, 00014, Helsinki, Finland

    Mirkka Jones & Otso Ovaskainen

  3. Institute of Biotechnology, HiLIFE-Helsinki Institute of Life Science, University of Helsinki, PO BOX 65, 00014, Helsinki, Finland

    Mirkka Jones

  4. Department of Biological and Environmental Science, University of Jyväskylä, P.O. Box 35 (Survontie 9C), 40014, Jyvaskyla, Finland

    Otso Ovaskainen

  5. Department of Biology, Centre for Biodiversity Dynamics, Norwegian University of Science and Technology, 7491, Trondheim, Norway

    Otso Ovaskainen

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Contributions

CL, WP and PJ-R conducted fieldwork, species identifications and prepared the trait dataset. CL, MJ, WP, PJ-R and OO discussed together the basis for the analysis; MJ and OO coded and runed the scripts; CL, MJ and WP took the lead in writing the manuscript; CL and MJ prepared the figures; All authors provided critical feedback and helped shape the research and manuscript.

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Correspondence to Camila Leandro.

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Leandro, C., Jones, M., Perrin, W. et al. Dung beetle community patterns in Western Europe: responses of Scarabaeinae to landscape and environmental filtering. Landsc Ecol 38, 2323–2338 (2023). https://doi.org/10.1007/s10980-023-01711-0

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