Skip to main content
Log in

Furculae in the Late Triassic theropod dinosaurCoelophysis bauri

  • Published:
Paläontologische Zeitschrift Aims and scope Submit manuscript

Abstract

Furculae have been identified in many dinosaurs and are synapomorphic in some clades (e.g., dromaeosaurids). All coelophysid dinosaurs exceptCoelophysis bauri have been shown to possess furculae. To date, the oldest well-documented furculae have been those of the Early Jurassic coelophysids,Coelophysis kayentakatae andCoelophysis rhodesiensis. The confirmation of furculae in Apachean-agedC. bauri further documents appearance of these elements in the Late Triassic and shows that furculae are synapomorphic in the Coelophysidae. A total of five furculae have been found in New Mexico Museum of Natural History’s (NMMNH) Ghost Ranch, New Mexico Whitaker Quarry block C-8-82. We describe three furculae in articulated juvenile skeletons; two that are missing fragments but are nearly complete, and one apparently complete, a small fragment of a furcula associated with an adultC. bauri, and one complete but isolated furcula. We access the morphology and allometry of the scapulocoracoid and furcula and show that they grow, at least in juveniles, in isometry with the humerus. The furcula ofC. bauri has a widely opened U shape that subtends an angle of ∼ 120°. All the furculae have groove-like epicleidial facets at the distal ends of the rami and some possess a small centrally located hypocleideal process. We reconstruct the complete Shoulder girdle ofC. bauri with proper spacing and angles between the elements and find that the coracoids are very close together under the center of the furcula.

Kurzfassung

Furculae wurden in vielen Dinosauriern gefunden und sind in einigen Gruppen synapomorph (z.B. Dromaeosauridae). Furculae wurden in allen Coelophysiden nachgewiesen, mit der Ausnahme vonCoelophysis bauri. Die ältesten gut dokumentierten Furculae bei Theropoden waren bisher jene der unterjurassischen CoelophysidenCoelophysis kayentakatae undCoelophysis rhodesiensis. Die Bestätigung der Präsenz von Furculae inCoelophysis bauri, mit einem Apachium-Alter, beweist weiter den Ursprung dieses Elementes in der späten Trias und zeigt, dass Furculae für Coelophysiden synapomorph sind. Insgesamt wurden fünf Furculae in dem Block C-8-82 aus dem Ghost Ranch, New York Whitaker Quarry im New Mexico Museum of Natural History (NMMNH) gefunden. Wir beschreiben drei Furculae von artikulierten, juvenilen Exemplaren, von denen zwei fast vollständig und eine scheinbar vollständig ist, eine fragmentarische Furcula, die mit einem adulten Exemplar vonCoelophysis bauri assoziiert ist und eine vollständige, aber isolierte Furcula. Wir analysieren die Morphologie und Allometrie des Scapulocoracoids und der Furcula und zeigen, dass sie, zumindest in Jungtieren, in Bezug auf den Humerus isometrisch wachsen. Die Furcula vonC. bauri ist breit U-förmig, mit einem Winkel von ungefähr 120° zwischen den Ästen. Alle Furculae haben kleine, grubenförmige Epicleithral-Facetten an den distalen Enden der Äste und einige weisen kleine, zentral gelegene Hypocleithral-Fortsätze auf. Wir rekonstruieren den gesamten Schultergürtel vonC. bauri, mit den exakten Abständen und Winkeln zwischen den Elementen und finden, dass die Coracoide unter der Spitze der Furcula sehr eng zusammen lagen.

This is a preview of subscription content, log in via an institution to check access.

Access this article

Price excludes VAT (USA)
Tax calculation will be finalised during checkout.

Instant access to the full article PDF.

Similar content being viewed by others

References

  • Bristowe, A. &Raath, M.A. 2004. A juvenile coelophysoid skull from the Early Jurassic of Zimbabwe, and the synonmy ofCoelophysis andSyntarsus. — Palaentologia Africana40: 31–41.

    Google Scholar 

  • Bryant, H.N. &Russell, A.P. 1993. The occurrence of clavicles within Dinosauria: implications for the homology of the avian furcula and the Utility of negative evidence. — Journal of Vertebrate Paleontology13 (2): 171–184.

    Google Scholar 

  • Camp, C.L. 1936. A new type of small bipedal dinosaur from the Navajo Sandstone of Arizona. — University of California Publications in Geological Sciences24: 39–56.

    Google Scholar 

  • Carrano, M.T.;Hutchinson, J.R. &Sampson, S.D. 2005. New Information onSegisaurus halli, a small theropod from the Early Jurassic of Arizona. — Journal of Vertebrate Paleontology25 (4): 835–849.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Chure, DJ. &Madsen, JJ.H. 1996. On the presence of furculae in some non-maniraptoran theropods. — Journal of Vertebrate Paleontology16 (3): 573–577.

    Google Scholar 

  • Colbert, E.H. 1989. The Triassic dinosaurCoelophysis. — Museum of Northern Arizona Bulletin57: 1–160.

    Google Scholar 

  • Downs, A. 2000.Coelophysis bauri andSyntarsus rhodesiensis compared, with comments on the preparation and preservation of fossils from the Ghost RanchCoelophysis Quarry. — New Mexico Museum of Natural History and Science Bulletin17: 33–37.

    Google Scholar 

  • Glantz, S.A. &Slinker, B.k. 2001. Primer of Applied Regression and Analysis of Variance. — 949 p., New York (McGraw-Hill).

    Google Scholar 

  • Ostrom, J.H. 1976.Archaeopteryx and the origin of birds. — Biological Journal of the Linnean Society8 (2): 91–182.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Paul, G.S. 2002. Dinosaurs of the Air. — 460 p., Baltimore (Johns Hopkins University Press).

    Google Scholar 

  • Raath, M.A. 1969. A new coelurosaurian dinosaur from the Forest Sandstone of Rhodesia. — Arnoldia4: 1–25.

    Google Scholar 

  • Rauhut, O.W.M. 2003. The interrelationships and evolution of basal theropod dinosaurs.— Special Papers in Palaeontology69: 1–213.

    Google Scholar 

  • Reiss, M.J. 1989. The Allometry of Growth and Reproduction. — 182 p., Cambridge (Cambridge University Press).

    Google Scholar 

  • Senter, P. 2006. Scapular orientation in theropods and basal birds, and the origin of flapping flight. — Acta Palaeontologica Polonica51 (2): 305–313.

    Google Scholar 

  • Tykoski, R.S.;Forster, CA.;Rowe, T.;Sampson, S.D. &Munyikwa, D. 2002. A furcula in the coelophysid theropodSyntarsus. — Journal of Vertebrate Paleontology22 (3): 728–733.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Yates, A.M. &Vasconcelos, C.C. 2005. Furcula-like clavicles in the prosauropod dinosaurMassospondylus. — Journal of Vertebrate Paleontology25 (2): 466–468.

    Article  Google Scholar 

Download references

Author information

Authors and Affiliations

Authors

Corresponding author

Correspondence to Larry F. Rinehart.

Rights and permissions

Reprints and permissions

About this article

Cite this article

Rinehart, L.F., Lucas, S.G. & Hunt, A.P. Furculae in the Late Triassic theropod dinosaurCoelophysis bauri . Paläontol Z 81, 174–180 (2007). https://doi.org/10.1007/BF02988391

Download citation

  • Received:

  • Accepted:

  • Issue Date:

  • DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/BF02988391

Keywords

Schlüsselwörter

Navigation