There are at present three methods for cooling samples to temperatures below 300 mK: dilution, Pomeranchuk, and nuclear refrigeration. We give the basic principles of these methods with more details concerning dilutions refrigerators. This should allow the construction of a simple all plastic refrigerator for temperatures lower than 15 mK, or an even simpler Pomeranchuk cell. The source of heat leaks and other important points for reaching temperatures in the microkelvin range with nuclear refrigerators are given in the lecture by F. Pobell
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Frossati, G. Experimental techniques: Methods for cooling below 300 mK. J Low Temp Phys 87, 595–633 (1992). https://doi.org/10.1007/BF00114918
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DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/BF00114918