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Toxic soles, Pardachirus marmoratus from the Red Sea and P. pavoninus from Japan, with notes on other species

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Synopsis

Fishes of the genus Pardachirus (Soleidae) are reviewed. Four species are recognized and their distribution mapped: P. marmoratus (Lacépède) from the Red Sea and Indian Ocean, P. pavoninus (Lapédè) and P. poropterus (Bleeker) from the Indo-Pacific, and P. hedleyi (Ogilby) from estuarine waters of Australia. Achirus rautheri Chabanaud is placed in synonymy with P. hedleyi. The ichthyocrinotoxic effect on teleosts of the secretion from P. pavoninus is described and compared with that of P. marmoratus. The distribution of poison glands in these two species shows more glands present on the eyed side. The number of glands range from 212 to 235 in P. marmoratus and 204 to 237 in P. pavoninus and number of rays on fins associated with the poison glands are about the same for both species. P. marmoratus appears to be more toxic than P. pavoninus.

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Author notes

  1. Anita George

    Present address: Department of Animal Pathology, University of Rhode Island, Kingston, RI, 02881, USA

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  1. Department of Zoology, University of Maryland, College Park, Maryland, 20742, USA

    Eugenie Clark & Anita George

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  1. Eugenie Clark
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  2. Anita George
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Clark, E., George, A. Toxic soles, Pardachirus marmoratus from the Red Sea and P. pavoninus from Japan, with notes on other species. Environ Biol Fish 4, 103–123 (1979). https://doi.org/10.1007/BF00005447

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