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Ipotesi sul ruolo del trofismo nell’evoluzione di ammoniti con conchiglie svolte: le radiazioni adattative delle Ancyloceratina (Ammonoidea) alla fine del Giurassico e nel Cretaceo inferiore

Hypotheses about the role of the trophism in the evolution of uncoiled ammonites: the adaptive radiations of the Ancyloceratina (Ammonoidea) at the end of the Jurassic and in the Lower Cretaceous

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Abstract

The poliphyletic suborder Ancyloceratina was evolutionarily successful during the Cretaceous. The radiation of the Protancyloceratidae began in the Tithonian whilst that of the Crioceratitinae (the ancestors of all other Cretaceous Ancyloceratina) is recorded at the end of the Valanginian. Both groups sprang from Perisphinctaceae though from different families and at different times. Because the shell decoiling is a character developed at the end of the growth in most normally coiled ammonites, a heterocronic process of acceleration is invoked to explain the onset of this character at earlier stages. New trophic opportunities favoured the development of uncoiled shells during the Jurassic-Cretaceous transition because of global palaeogeographic and palaeoenvironmental changes. The hypothesis of the eustatic control as factor of the evolution of the uncoiled ammonites is rejected.

Riassunto

Il sottordine polifiletico Ancyloceratina ebbe un considerevole successo evolutivo nel corso del Cretaceo. La radiazione delle Protancyloceratidae ebbe inizio nel Titoniano mentre quella delle Crioceratitinae (progenitrici di tutte le altre Ancyloceratina cretacee) alla fine del Valanginiano. Questi due gruppi si originarono dalle Perisphinctacea ma da famiglie diverse ed in tempi diversi. Poiché lo svolgimento dei giri è un carattere sviluppato alla fine della crescita di molte ammoniti ad avvolgimento planospiralato, si ipotizza l’effetto di un processo eterocronico di accelerazione nello sviluppo di questo carattere a stadi di crescita sempre più precoci. Le forme che svilupparono conchiglie svolte furono avvantaggiate, a cavallo tra i periodi Giurassico e Cretaceo, dalle nuove opportunità trofiche che si crearono a seguito di importanti cambiamenti paleogeografici e paleoambientali su scala globale. Viene respinta l’ipotesi del ruolo delle variazioni eustatiche quale fattore dell’evoluzione di queste forme.

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Nella seduta del 18 giugno 1998.

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Cecca, F. Ipotesi sul ruolo del trofismo nell’evoluzione di ammoniti con conchiglie svolte: le radiazioni adattative delle Ancyloceratina (Ammonoidea) alla fine del Giurassico e nel Cretaceo inferiore. Rend. Fis. Acc. Lincei 9, 213–226 (1998). https://doi.org/10.1007/BF02904405

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