Abstract
This chapter contributes to studies of differentiated European integration, multilevel administrative integration, and the role of government agencies in policy uploading in the EU. European integration has woven EU institutions and processes into the political, administrative, and judicial life of European nation states. This observation led Olsen (1998: 2) to ask ‘what happens to organized political units when they become part of a larger unit?’. Studies show that different forms of integration contribute to differentiated institutional architectures in the EU and varieties of policy adaptation in EU member states and associated ‘third countries’ (Leruth et al., 2022). Whereas formal membership in the EU grants the state full access to EU decision-making processes, associated membership implies partial access without being fully integrated in the cycle of decision-making in the EU. Association agreements and ‘quasi-memberships’ have led to varieties of administrative integration across levels of governance (Trondal & Bauer, 2017). Concomitantly, associated EU members are overly reliant on administrative interaction with the EU administrative system (Egeberg, 2006). Arguably, bureaucratic structures are essential providers of political premises in democratic policymaking (Peters, 2018; Waldo, 1952). This chapter illustrates how administrative participation and integration is likely to affect policy uploading toward EU executive institutions.
Access this chapter
Tax calculation will be finalised at checkout
Purchases are for personal use only
Notes
- 1.
There are approximately 50 working groups in total under the seven scientific EMA committees. NoMA participates in approximately 25 of these.
- 2.
Author’s own translation. Original quote: «Legemiddelsamarbeidet gjør at små land som Norge kan bidra med mye kunnskap og stille viktige spørsmål, og dermed påvirke beslutningen. Samtidig øker vår egen kompetanse på legemidler ved at vi drar nytte av. andres kunnskap, som også er helt nødvendig for den nasjonale legemiddelforvaltningen.»
- 3.
Applies to matters that are not strongly politicized. Note also that these interviews were conducted prior to the outbreak of the Covid-19 pandemic.
References
Adam, C., Hurka, S., Knill, C., & Steinebach, Y. (2021). Policy accumulation and the democratic responsiveness trap. Cambridge University Press.
Almond, G. A. (1965). Political development: Analytical and normative perspectives. Comparative Political Studies, 1(4), 447–467.
Ansell, C., & Gash, A. (2008). Collaborative governance in theory and practice. Journal of Public Administration Research and Theory, 18(4), 543–571.
Ansell, C., Trondal, J., & Ogard, M. (Eds.). (2016). Governance in turbulent times. Oxford University Press.
Bauer, M., & Trondal, J. (Eds.). (2015). The Palgrave handbook of the European administrative system. Palgrave Macmillan.
Beckman, C. M. (2021). Alternatives and complements to rationality. Research in the Sociology of Organizations, 76, 3–18.
Benz, A., Corcaci, A., & Doser, J. W. (2016). Unreavelling multilevel administration. Patterns and dynamics of administrative co-ordination in European governance. Journal of European Public Policy, 23(7), 999–1018.
Beyers, J., & Trondal, J. (2004). How nation-states ‘hit’ Europe. Ambiguity and representation in the European Union. West European Politics, 27(4), 919–942.
Blauberger, M., & Rittberger, B. (2014). Conceptualizing and theorizing European regulatory network. Regulation & Governance, 9(4), 367–376.
Börzel, T., & Risse, T. (2000). When Europe hits home: Europeanization and domestic change. European Integration Online Papers (EIoP), 4(15), 24.
Brandsma, G., Curtin, D., & Meijer, A. (2008). How transparent are EU comitology committees in practice? European Law Journal, 14(6), 819–838.
Carpenter, D. P. (2001). Forging bureaucratic autonomy. Princeton University Press.
Christensen, T., & Lægreid, P. (2009). Living in the past? Change and continuity in the Norwegian central civil service. Public Administration Review, 69(5), 951–961.
Coen, M., & Thatcher, M. (2008). Network governance and multi-level delegation: European networks of regulatory agencies. Journal of Public Policy, 28(1), 49–71.
Debre, M., & Dijkstra, H. (2021). Institutional design for a post-liberal order: Why some international organizations live longer than others. European Journal of International Relations, 27(1), 311–339.
Dehousse, R. (1997). Regulation by networks in the European Community: The role of European agencies. Journal of European Public Policy, 4(2), 246–261.
Deters, H., & Falkner, G. (2021). Remapping the European agenda-setting landscape. Public Administration, 9(2), 290–303.
Egeberg, M. (1999). The impact of bureaucratic structure on policy-making. Public Administration, 77(1), 155–170.
Egeberg, M. (Ed.). (2006). Multilevel union administration. Palgrave Macmillan.
Egeberg, M. (2012). How bureaucratic structure matters: An organizational perspective. In B. G. Peters & J. Pierre (Eds.), The SAGE handbook of public administration. SAGE.
Egeberg, M., Gornitzka, Å., & Trondal, J. (2016). Organization theory. In C. Ansell & J. Torfing (Eds.), Handbook on theories of governance. Edward Elgar.
Egeberg, M., Schaefer, G. F., & Trondal, J. (2003). The many faces of EU Committee governance. West European Politics, 26(3), 19–40.
Egeberg, M., & Trondal, J. (1999). Differentiated integration in Europe: The case of EEA country, Norway. Journal of Common Market Studies, 37(1), 133–142.
Egeberg, M., & Trondal, J. (2009). Political leadership and bureaucratic autonomy: Effects of agencification. Governance, 22(4), 673–688.
Egeberg, M., & Trondal, J. (2016). Why strong coordination at one level of government is incompatible with strong coordination across levels (and how to live with it). The case of the European Union. Public Administration, 94(3), 579–592.
Egeberg, M., & Trondal, J. (2017). Researching European Union agencies. What have we learned (and where to go from here?). Journal of Common Market Studies, 55(4), 675–690.
Egeberg, M., & Trondal, J. (2018). An organizational approach to public governance. Oxford University Press.
Fossum, J. E., & Graver, H. P. (2018). Squaring the circle on Brexit. Bristol University Press.
Genschel, P., & Jachtenfuchs, M. (Eds.). (2014). Beyond the regulatory polity. Oxford University Press.
Gornitzka, Å., & Sverdrup, U. (2008). Who consults? The configuration of expert groups in the European union. West European Politics, 31(4), 725–750.
Gulick, L. (1937). Notes on the theory of organization. In L. Gulick & L. Urwick (Eds.), Papers on the science of administration. Institute of Public Administration.
Hille, P., & Knill, C. (2006). ‘It’s the bureaucracy, stupid’: The implementation of the acquis Communautaire in EU candidate countries, 1999-2003. European Union Politics, 7(4), 531–552.
Joaquin, M. E., & Greitens, T. J. (2021). American administrative capacity. Springer.
Joerges, C., & Neyer, J. (1997). From intergovernmental bargaining to deliberative political processes: The constitutionalisation of comitology. European Law Journal, 3(3), 273–299.
Kassim, H., Connolly, S., Dehousse, R., Rozenberg, O., & Bendjaballah, S. (2017). Managing the house: The presidency, agenda control and policy activism in the European Commission. Journal of European Public Policy, 24(5), 653–674.
Krick, E., & Gornitzka, Å. (2020). Tracing scientization in the EU Commission’s expert group system. Innovation: The European Journal of Social Science Research. https://doi.org/10.1080/13511610.2020.1811649
Lægreid, P., Randma-Liiv, T., Rykkja, L. H., & Sarapuu, K. (2016). Coordination challenges and administrative reforms. In G. Hammerschmid, S. Van de Walle, R. Andrews, & P. Bezes (Eds.), Public administration reforms in Europe. Edward Elgar.
Lavenex, S. (2011). Concentric circles of flexible “European” integration: A typology of EU external governance relations. Comparative European Politics, 9(4/5), 372–393.
Lavenex, S. (2014). The power of functionalist extension: How EU rules travel. Journal of European Public Policy, 21(6), 885–903.
Leruth, B., Gänzle, S., & Trondal, J. (Eds.). (2022). The Routledge handbook of differentiation in the European Union. Routledge.
Levi-Faur, D. (2013). The odyssey of the regulatory state: From a “thin” monomorphic concept to a “thick” and polymorphic concept. Law & Politics, 35(1–2), 29–50.
Maestenbroek, E. (2018). Europeanization of policies and public administration. In E. Ongaro & S. Van Thiel (Eds.), The Palgrave handbook of public administration and Management in Europe. Palgrave Macmillan.
Maesternbroek, E., & Martinsen, D. S. (2018). Filling the gap in the European administrative space: The role of administrative networks in EU implementation and enforcement. Journal of European Public Policy, 25(3), 422–435.
Majone, G. (2005). Dilemmas of European integration. Oxford University Press.
Mann, M. (1984). The autonomous power of the state: Its origins, mechanism and results. European Journal of Sociology, 25(2), 185–213.
March, J. G. (2008). The myth of rationality. In U. Sverdrup & J. Trondal (Eds.), The organizational dimension of politics. Bergen.
March, J. G., & Olsen, J. P. (1989). Rediscovering institutions. The Free Press.
Mathieu, E. (2016). When Europeanization feeds back into EU governance: EU legislation, national regulatory agencies, and the EU regulatory networks. Public Administration, 94(1), 25–39.
Mayntz, R., & Scharpf, F. W. (1975). Policy-making in the German Federal Bureaucracy. Elsevier Scientific Publishing.
Meier, K., & Nigro, L. G. (1976). Representative bureaucracy and policy preferences: A study of the attitudes of federal executives. Public Administration Review, 36(4), 458–469.
NOMA. (2019a). Departments. Retrieved November 15, 2019, from https://legemiddelverket.no/english/about-us/departments
NOMA. (2019b). About us. Retrieved February 26, 2021, from https://legemiddelverket.no/english/about-us
Norwegian Government. (2018–2019). Prop. 47 LS (2018–2019). Retrieved from https://www.regjeringen.no/no/dokumenter/prop.-47-ls-20182019/id2630679/?ch=15
Olsen, J. P. (1998). The new European experiment in political organization’. Paper presented at the conference ‘Samples of the Future’. SCANCOR, Stanford University, 20–22 September.
Olsen, J. P. (2009). Change and continuity: An institutional approach to institutions of democratic government. European Political Science Review, 1(1), 3–32.
Olsen, J. P., & Lægreid, P. (1984). Top civil servants in Norway: Key players—on different teams. In E. N. Suleiman (Ed.), Bureaucrats and policy making. Holmes & Meier.
Peters, B. G. (1994). Agenda-setting in the European community. Journal of European Public Policy, 1(1), 9–26.
Peters, B. G. (2018). The challenge of policy coordination. Policy Design and Practice, 1(1), 1–11.
Pollack, M. (1993). The Engines of European Integration. Oxford University Press.
Riddervold, M., Trondal, J., & Newsome, A. (Eds.). (2021). The Palgrave handbook on EU crises. Palgrave Macmillan.
Rittberger, B., & Blauberger, M. (2018). Introducing the debate section: “The EU in crisis: EU studies in crisis?”. Journal of European Public Policy, 25(3), 436–439.
Simon, S. A. (1957). Administrative behavior. The Free Press.
Steinmo, S., Thelen, K., & Longstreth, F. (1992). Structuring politics. Cambridge University Press.
Stinchcombe, A. (2001). When formality works. Chicago University Press.
Trondal, J. (2002). Beyond the EU membership-non-membership dichotomy? Supranational identities among national EU decision-makers. Journal of European Public Policy, 9(3), 468–487.
Trondal, J. (2010). An Emergent European Executive Order. Oxford University Press.
Trondal, J. (2014). Agencification. Public Administration Revie, 74(4), 545–549.
Trondal, J., & Bauer, M. W. (2017). Conceptualizing the European multilevel administrative order: Capturing variation in the European administrative system. European Political Science Review, 9(1), 73–94.
Trondal, J., & Peters, B. G. (2013). The rise of European administrative space. Lessons learned. Journal of European Public Policy, 20(2), 295–307.
Trondal, J., Suvarierol, S., & van den Berg, C. (2008). The compound machinery of government. The case of seconded officials in the European Commission. Governance, 21(2), 253–274.
Trondal, J., & Veggeland, F. (2003). Access, voice and loyalty: The representation of domestic civil servants in EU committees. Journal of European Public Policy, 10(1), 59–77.
Verhoest, K., Van Thiel, S., Bouckaert, G., & Lægreid, P. (Eds.). (2010). Government agencies. Palgrave Macmillan.
Vestlund, N.M. (2015). Between centralization and decentralization. Decision behaviour in the EU’s multilevel administrative system (PhD thesis), University of Oslo.
Vestlund, N. M. (2017). Pooling administrative resources through EU regulatory networks. Journal of European Public Policy, 24(1), 61–80.
Waldo, D. (1952). Development of theory of democratic administration. American Political Science Review, 46(1), 81–103.
White, J. (2022). The de-institutionalisation of power beyond the state. European Journal of International Relations, 28(1), 187–208.
Author information
Authors and Affiliations
Corresponding author
Rights and permissions
Copyright information
© 2023 The Author(s), under exclusive license to Springer Nature Switzerland AG
About this chapter
Cite this chapter
Trondal, J. (2023). Incomplete Contracting and Policy Influence. In: Governing the Contemporary Administrative State. European Administrative Governance. Palgrave Macmillan, Cham. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-031-28008-5_10
Download citation
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-031-28008-5_10
Published:
Publisher Name: Palgrave Macmillan, Cham
Print ISBN: 978-3-031-28007-8
Online ISBN: 978-3-031-28008-5
eBook Packages: Political Science and International StudiesPolitical Science and International Studies (R0)