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Domestication in Action pp 215–247Cite as

Palgrave Macmillan

Effects of Reindeer Domestication on Society and Religion

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Part of the book series: Arctic Encounters ((AE))

Abstract

This chapter explores the effects of the transition to reindeer herding on Sámi society and worldview. The transition from reindeer hunting to herding included a profound shift in the understanding of animals as someone’s property. Social organisation, reflected in the archaeological remains of dwelling sites, changed to accommodate the needs of the tasks and activities involved in reindeer herding. Moreover, the growing cultural, economic, and social importance of reindeer herding was reflected in the animal-offering rituals taking place at Sámi offering sites. The growing role of domesticated reindeer in offering rituals reflects how the Sámi shared certain elements in their religious ritual and relationship with the land and its resources, despite the varying subsistence strategies employed by different Sámi groups across Sápmi.

Abstrákta

Lohkosis gieđahallojuvvojit boazodoalu gárggiideami ja earáhuvvamiid váikkuhusat sápmelaš servodahkii ja oskui. Boazodollui sirdáseapmi lei mearkkašahtti earáhus olbmo ja bohcco gaskavuođa goris, go olbmot dovdagohte bohccuid priváhta opmodahkan. Orruma govva earáhuvai, go boazodoalu barggožat ja dárbbut galge heivehuvvot árgii. Boazodoalu ekonomalaš, servodatlaš ja kultuvrralaš mearkkašumi stuorrun speadjaluvai maid bassi báikkiide addojuvvon oaffariidda. Bohcco oskkoldatlaš ja rituálalaš mearkkašupmi lassánii oba sámi guovllus ealáhusráhkadusa erohusain fuolakeahttá, mii muitala oktasaš sárgosiin máilmmigovas.

Tiivistelmä

Luvussa käsitellään poronhoidon kehittymisen ja muutosten vaikutuksia saamelaisten yhteiskuntaan ja uskontoon. Poronhoitoon siirtyminen oli merkittävä muutos ihmisen ja poron välisessä suhteessa, kun eläimet alettiin mieltää yksityiseksi omaisuudeksi. Asutuksen kuva muuttui, kun poronhoidon askareet ja tarpeet piti sovittaa arkeen. Poronhoidon taloudellisen, yhteiskunnallisen ja kulttuurisen merkityksen kasvu heijastui myös pyhillä paikoilla annettuihin uhreihin. Poron uskonnollinen ja rituaalinen merkitys kasvoi koko saamelaisalueella elinkeinorakenteen eroista huolimatta, mikä kertoo yhteisistä piirteistä maailmankuvassa.

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Acknowledgements

This project has received funding from the European Research Council (ERC) under the European Union’s Horizon 2020 research and innovation programme (grant agreement No. 756431) and the Academy of Finland (project numbers 275635 and 308322).

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  1. Research Unit for History, Culture, and Communications, University of Oulu, Oulu, Finland

    Anna-Kaisa Salmi & Oula Seitsonen

  2. Cultural Heritage Studies, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland

    Oula Seitsonen

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Correspondence to Anna-Kaisa Salmi .

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    Anna-Kaisa Salmi

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Salmi, AK., Seitsonen, O. (2022). Effects of Reindeer Domestication on Society and Religion. In: Salmi, AK. (eds) Domestication in Action . Arctic Encounters. Palgrave Macmillan, Cham. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-98643-8_8

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