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Human–Reindeer Relationships and Reindeer Feeding: Perspectives from Archaeology and Reindeer Herders’ Knowledge

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Book cover Domestication in Action

Part of the book series: Arctic Encounters ((AE))

Abstract

Reindeer winter feeding is increasingly important to reindeer herders due to the effects of larger reindeer herds, fragmentation of pastures due to other land use, and climate change on the quantity and quality of winter pastures. Feeding also plays an important role in taming individuals selected for draught reindeer training. In traditional reindeer pastoralism, reindeer received supplementary fodder such as tree branches, lichen, grasses, and sedges in difficult winters. This chapter presents the earliest evidence of reindeer feeding, c. 1200 CE, through stable isotope analysis and an examination of feeding behaviour evidenced by physical activity markers in the skeleton. The role of reindeer feeding in today’s reindeer-herding practice, both for taming individuals destined for draught and racing use and for nutritional reasons in the winter, is discussed based on reindeer herders’ traditional and practical knowledge. The implications for the interpretation of the archaeological data are also explored.

Abstrákta

Lassibiebman lea dálá áigge boazodoalu dehálaš oassi máŋggain guovlluin, daningo bohccuid meari lassáneapmi, dálkkádatrievdan ja dálveguohtoneatnamiid biđggiideapmi leat váikkuhan dálveguohtumiid ortnegii ja sturrodahkii. Biebmamis lea mearkkašupmi maid bohccuid dápmamis, mat oahpahuvvojit vuojánin. Árbevirolaš boazodoalus láveje addit váttes dálvviid bohccuide lassibiepmu, ovdamearkka dihte suinniid, njeahcehiid, goikelasttaid ja jeahkála. Dán lohkosis ovdanbuktojuvvojit arkeologalaš duođaštanmateriálat, dego stabiila-isotohpaanalysa bohtosat ja dehkiid čanassajiid morfologalaš erohusat. Dát čujuha dasa, ahte lassibiebman lei boazobarggu oassi juo maŋemusat 1200-logus. Gieđahallat maid lassibiebmama mearkkašumi sihke vuojániid oahpaheamis ja bohcco biebmodilis dálá boazodoalus mieiggadettiin boazoolbmuid árbevirolaš máhttui sihke dáid oaidninvugiid mearkkašumi arkeologalaš materiálaid dulkomis.

Tiivistelmä

Talviaikainen lisäruokinta on nykyään tärkeä osa poronhoitoa monilla alueilla, sillä porojen määrän kasvu, ilmastonmuutos ja talvilaidunten pirstoutuminen muun maankäytön vuoksi vaikuttavat yhä enemmän talvilaidunten kuntoon ja kokoon. Ruokinnalla on merkitystä myös ajokkaiksi koulutettavien porojen kesyttämisessä ja hoidossa. Perinteisessä poronhoidossa on ollut tapana vaikeina talvina antaa poroille lisäruokaa, esimerkiksi heiniä, saroja, lehtikerppuja ja jäkälää. Tässä luvussa esitellään arkeologista todistusaineistoa, kuten stabiili-isotooppianalyysin tuloksia ja lihasten kiinnittymiskohtien morfologisia eroja, jotka osoittavat, että lisäruokinta oli osa poronhoitoa jo viimeistään 1200-luvulla. Käsittelemme myös lisäruokinnan merkitystä sekä ajokkaiden kouluttamisessa että poron ravitsemuksessa tämän päivän poronhoidossa poronhoitajien kokemuksiin ja perinteiseen tietoon nojautuen sekä pohdimme näiden näkökulmien merkitystä arkeologisten aineistojen tulkinnassa.

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Acknowledgements

This project has received funding from the European Research Council (ERC) under the European Union’s Horizon 2020 research and innovation programme (grant agreement No. 756431) and the Academy of Finland (project number 275635). The stable isotope analyses were funded by Gustaf VI Adolfs fond for svensk kultur, the Berit Wallenberg Foundation (BWS 2015.0073), Göran Gustafssons stiftelse för natur och miljö i Lappland (project # 1507), and Norrbotten County Board.

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  1. Research Unit for History, Culture, and Communications, University of Oulu, Oulu, Finland

    Anna-Kaisa Salmi, Markus Fjellström, Sirpa Niinimäki, Päivi Soppela, Sanna-Mari Kynkäänniemi & Henri Wallén

  2. Archaeological Research Laboratory, Department of Archaeology and Classical Studies, Stockholm University, Stockholm, Sweden

    Markus Fjellström

  3. Silvermuseet/INSARC, Arjeplog, Sweden

    Markus Fjellström

  4. Arctic Centre, University of Lapland, Rovaniemi, Finland

    Päivi Soppela, Sanna-Mari Kynkäänniemi & Henri Wallén

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Salmi, AK., Fjellström, M., Niinimäki, S., Soppela, P., Kynkäänniemi, SM., Wallén, H. (2022). Human–Reindeer Relationships and Reindeer Feeding: Perspectives from Archaeology and Reindeer Herders’ Knowledge. In: Salmi, AK. (eds) Domestication in Action . Arctic Encounters. Palgrave Macmillan, Cham. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-98643-8_5

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  • DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-98643-8_5

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  • Publisher Name: Palgrave Macmillan, Cham

  • Print ISBN: 978-3-030-98642-1

  • Online ISBN: 978-3-030-98643-8

  • eBook Packages: Social SciencesSocial Sciences (R0)

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