Skip to main content
SpringerLink
Log in
Book cover

From Innate Immunity to Immunological Memory pp 59–83Cite as

Helper T Cell-Regulated B Cell Immunity

  • Chapter

Part of the book series: Current Topics in Microbiology and Immunology ((CT MICROBIOLOGY,volume 311))

Abstract

In this review, we will discuss the cascade of cellular and molecular events in the immune response to protein antigens that regulate the development of high-affinity B cell memory. The behavior of antigen-experienced pMHCII+ dendritic cells DCs and the dynamics of their interaction with specific T-helper (Th) cells define the first developmental checkpoint for adaptive immunity in vivo. Recent studies provide insight into the basis of Th cell clonal selection and the requirements and consequences of antigen priming in this responsive Th cell compartment. Antigen-specific Th cells expand to become the cognate regulators of effector B cell responses and initiators of the germinal center reaction and memory B cell development. We will discuss the development and role of these diverse mixtures of antigen-specific B cells in the control of B cell memory and long-term humoral immunity that underpin effective protein vaccination.

This is a preview of subscription content, log in via an institution.

Chapter
USD   29.95
Price excludes VAT (USA)
  • Available as PDF
  • Read on any device
  • Instant download
  • Own it forever
eBook
USD   129.00
Price excludes VAT (USA)
  • Available as PDF
  • Read on any device
  • Instant download
  • Own it forever
Softcover Book
USD   169.99
Price excludes VAT (USA)
  • Compact, lightweight edition
  • Dispatched in 3 to 5 business days
  • Free shipping worldwide - see info
Hardcover Book
USD   169.99
Price excludes VAT (USA)
  • Durable hardcover edition
  • Dispatched in 3 to 5 business days
  • Free shipping worldwide - see info

Tax calculation will be finalised at checkout

Purchases are for personal use only

Learn about institutional subscriptions

Preview

Unable to display preview. Download preview PDF.

Unable to display preview. Download preview PDF.

References

  1. Aderem A, Ulevitch RJ (2000) Toll-like receptors in the induction of the innate immune response. Nature 406:782–787

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  2. Allen CD, Ansel KM, Low C, Lesley R, Tamamura H, Fujii N, Cyster JG (2004) Germinal center dark and light zone organization is mediated by CXCR4 and CXCR5. Nat Immunol 5:943–952

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  3. Alugupalli KR, Leong JM, Woodland RT, Muramatsu M, Honjo T, Gerstein RM (2004) B1b lymphocytes confer T cell-independent long-lasting immunity. Immunity 21:379–390

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  4. Amsen D, Blander JM, Lee GR, Tanigaki K, Honjo T, Flavell RA (2004) Instruction of distinct CD4 T helper cell fates by different notch ligands on antigen-presenting cells. Cell 117:515–526

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  5. Ansel KM, McHeyzer-Williams LJ, Ngo VN, McHeyzer-Williams MG, Cyster JG (1999) In vivo-activated CD4 T cells upregulate CXC chemokine receptor 5 and reprogram their response to lymphoid chemokines. J Exp Med 190:1123–1134

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  6. Armitage RJ, Fanslow WC, Strockbine L, Sato TA, Clifford KN, Macduff BM, Anderson DM, Gimpel SD, Davis-Smith T, Maliszewski CR, et al (1992) Molecular and biological characterization of a murine ligand for CD40. Nature 357:80–82

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  7. Attanavanich K, Kearney JF (2004) Marginal zone, but not follicular B cells, are potent activators of naive CD4 T cells. J Immunol 172:803–810

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  8. Banchereau J, Bazan F, Blanchard D, Briere F, Galizzi JP, van Kooten C, Liu YJ, Rousset F, Saeland S (1994) The CD40 antigen and its ligand. Annu Rev Immunol 12:881–922

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  9. Banchereau J, Steinman RM (1998) Dendritic cells and the control of immunity. Nature 392:245–252

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  10. Bell J, Gray D (2003) Antigen-capturing cells can masquerade as memory B cells. J Exp Med 197:1233–1244

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  11. Benner R, Hijmans W, Haaijman JJ (1981) The bone marrow: the major source of serum immunoglobulins, but still a neglected site of antibody formation. Clin Exp Immunol 46:1–8

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  12. Bernasconi NL, Traggiai E, Lanzavecchia A (2002) Maintenance of serological memory by polyclonal activation of human memory B cells. Science 298:2199–2202

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  13. Bishop GA, Hostager BS (2001) B lymphocyte activation by contact-mediated interactions with T lymphocytes. Curr Opin Immunol 13:278–285

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  14. Bleesing JJ, Fleisher TA (2003) Human B cells express a CD45 isoform that is similar to murine B220 and is downregulated with acquisition of the memory B-cell marker CD27. Cytometry 51B:1–8

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  15. Blink EJ, Light A, Kallies A, Nutt SL, Hodgkin PD, Tarlinton DM (2005) Early appearance of germinal center-derived memory B cells and plasma cells in blood after primary immunization. J Exp Med 201:545–554

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  16. Bromley SK, Burack WR, Johnson KG, Somersalo K, Sims TN, Sumen C, Davis MM, Shaw AS, Allen PM, Dustin ML (2001) The immunological synapse. Annu Rev Immunol 19:375–396

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  17. Cascalho M, Ma A, Lee S, Masat L, Wabl M (1996) A quasi-monoclonal mouse. Science 272:1649–1652

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  18. Cascalho M, Wong J, Brown J, Jack HM, Steinberg C, Wabl M (2000) A B220(—), CD19(—) population of B cells in the peripheral blood of quasimonoclonal mice. Int Immunol 12:29–35

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  19. Castigli E, Wilson SA, Scott S, Dedeoglu F, Xu S, Lam KP, Bram RJ, Jabara H, Geha RS (2005) TACI and BAFF-Rmediate isotype switching in B cells. J Exp Med 201:35–39

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  20. Cazac BB, Roes J (2000) TGF-beta receptor controls B cell responsiveness and induction of IgA in vivo. Immunity 13:443–451

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  21. Corcoran LM, Hasbold J, Dietrich W, Hawkins E, Kallies A, Nutt SL, Tarlinton DM, Matthias P, Hodgkin PD (2005) Differential requirement for OBF-1 during antibody-secreting cell differentiation. J Exp Med 201:1385–1396

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  22. Cortes M, Georgopoulos K (2004) Aiolos is required for the generation of high affinity bone marrow plasma cells responsible for long-term immunity. J Exp Med 199:209–219

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  23. de Vinuesa CG, Cook MC, Ball J, Drew M, Sunners Y, Cascalho M, Wabl M, Klaus GG, MacLennan IC (2000) Germinal centers without T cells. J Exp Med 191:485–494

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  24. Dent AL, Shaffer AL, Yu X, Allman D, Staudt LM (1997) Control of inflammation, cytokine expression, and germinal center formation by BCL-6. Science 276:589–592

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  25. Depoil D, Zaru R, Guiraud M, Chauveau A, Harriague J, Bismuth G, Utzny C, Muller S, Valitutti S (2005) Immunological synapses are versatile structures enabling selective T cell polarization. Immunity 22:185–194

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  26. Driver DJ, McHeyzer-Williams LJ, Cool M, Stetson DB, McHeyzer-Williams MG (2001) Development and maintenance of a B220-memory B cell compartment. J Immunol 167:1393–1405

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  27. Fujita N, Jaye DL, Geigerman C, Akyildiz A, Mooney MR, Boss JM, Wade PA (2004) MTA3 and the Mi-2/NuRD complex regulate cell fate during B lymphocyte differentiation. Cell 119:75–86

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  28. Futterer A, Mink K, Luz A, Kosco-Vilbois MH, Pfeffer K (1998) The lymphotoxin beta receptor controls organogenesis and affinity maturation in peripheral lymphoid tissues. Immunity 9:59–70

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  29. Gatto D, Pfister T, Jegerlehner A, Martin SW, Kopf M, Bachmann MF (2005) Complement receptors regulate differentiation of bone marrow plasma cell precursors expressing transcription factors Blimp-1 and XBP-1. J Exp Med 201:993–1005

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  30. Gray D, Skarvall H (1988) B-cell memory is short-lived in the absence of antigen. Nature 336:70–73

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  31. Gulbranson-Judge A, MacLennan I (1996) Sequential antigen-specific growth of T cells in the T zones and follicles in response to pigeon cytochrome c. Eur J Immunol 26:1830–1837

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  32. Han S, Hathcock K, Zheng B, Kepler TB, Hodes R, Kelsoe G (1995) Cellular interaction in germinal centers. Roles of CD40 ligand and B7-2 in established germinal centers. J Immunol 155:556–567

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  33. Hannum LG, Haberman AM, Anderson SM, Shlomchik MJ (2000) Germinal center initiation, variable gene region hypermutation, and mutant B cell selection without detectable immune complexes on follicular dendritic cells. J Exp Med 192:931–942

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  34. Hargreaves DC, Hyman PL, Lu TT, Ngo VN, Bidgol A, Suzuki G, Zou YR, Littman DR, Cyster JG (2001) A coordinated change in chemokine responsiveness guides plasma cell movements. J Exp Med 194:45–56

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  35. Hayakawa K, Ishii R, Yamasaki K, Kishimoto T, Hardy RR (1987) Isolation of high-affinity memory B cells: phycoerythrin as a probe for antigen-binding cells. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 84:1379–1383

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  36. Ho F, Lortan JE, MacLennan IC, Khan M (1986) Distinct short-lived and long-lived antibody-producing cell populations. Eur J Immunol 16:1297–1301

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  37. Honjo T, Kinoshita K, Muramatsu M (2002) Molecular mechanism of class switch recombination: linkage with somatic hypermutation. Annu Rev Immunol 20:165–196

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  38. Huber C, Thielen C, Seeger H, Schwarz P, Montrasio F, Wilson MR, Heinen E, Fu YX, Miele G, Aguzzi A (2005) Lymphotoxin-beta receptor-dependent genes in lymph node and follicular dendritic cell transcriptomes. J Immunol 174:5526–5536

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  39. Inaba K, Turley S, Yamaide F, Iyoda T, Mahnke K, Inaba M, Pack M, Subklewe M, Sauter B, Sheff D, Albert M, Bhardwaj N, Mellman I, Steinman RM (1998) Efficient presentation of phagocytosed cellular fragments on the major histocompatibility complex class II products of dendritic cells. J Exp Med 188:2163–2173

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  40. Itano AA, Jenkins MK (2003) Antigen presentation to naive CD4 T cells in the lymph node. Nat Immunol 4:733–739

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  41. Itano AA, McSorley SJ, Reinhardt RL, Ehst BD, Ingulli E, Rudensky AY, Jenkins MK (2003) Distinct dendritic cell populations sequentially present antigen to CD4 T cells and stimulate different aspects of cell-mediated immunity. Immunity 19:47–57

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  42. Jacob J, Kassir R, Kelsoe G (1991) In situ studies of the primary immune response to (4-hydroxy-3-nitrophenyl)acetyl. I. The architecture and dynamics of responding cell populations. J Exp Med 173:1165–1175

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  43. Innate immune recognition (2002) Innate immune recognition. Annu Rev Immunol 20:197–216

    Article  Google Scholar 

  44. Jelley-Gibbs DM, Dibble JP, Filipson S, Haynes L, Kemp RA, Swain SL (2005) Repeated stimulation of CD4 effector T cells can limit their protective function. J Exp Med 201:1101–1112

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  45. Johnson SA, Rozzo SJ, Cambier JC (2002) Aging-dependent exclusion of antigen-inexperienced cells from the peripheral B cell repertoire. J Immunol 168:5014–5023

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  46. Julius MH, Masuda T, Herzenberg LA (1972) Demonstration that antigen-binding cells are precursors of antibody-producing cells after purification with a fluorescence-activated cell sorter. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 69:1934–1938

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  47. Kallies A, Hasbold J, Tarlinton DM, Dietrich W, Corcoran LM, Hodgkin PD, Nutt SL (2004) Plasma cell ontogeny defined by quantitative changes in blimp-1 expression. J Exp Med 200:967–977

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  48. Kepler TB, Perelson AS (1993) Somatic hypermutation in B cells: an optimal control treatment. J Theor Biol 164:37–64

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  49. Kim CH, Rott LS, Clark-Lewis I, Campbell DJ, Wu L, Butcher EC (2001) Subspecialization of CXCR5+ T cells: B helper activity is focused in a germinal center-localized subset of CXCR5+ T cells. J Exp Med 193:1373–1381

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  50. Kissenpfennig A, Henri S, Dubois B, Laplace-Builhe C, Perrin P, Romani N, Tripp CH, Douillard P, Leserman L, Kaiserlian D, Saeland S, Davoust J, Malissen B (2005) Dynamics and function of Langerhans cells in vivo dermal dendritic cells colonize lymph node areas distinct from slower migrating Langerhans cells. Immunity 22:643–654

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  51. Koni PA, Sacca R, Lawton P, Browning JL, Ruddle NH, Flavell RA (1997) Distinct roles in lymphoid organogenesis for lymphotoxins alpha and beta revealed in lymphotoxin beta-deficient mice. Immunity 6:491–500

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  52. Kopf M, Herren S, Wiles MV, Pepys MB, Kosco-Vilbois MH (1998) Interleukin 6 influences germinal center development and antibody production via a contribution of C3 complement component. J Exp Med 188:1895–1906

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  53. Kuhn R, Rajewsky K, Muller W (1991) Generation and analysis of interleukin-4 deficient mice. Science 254:707–710

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  54. Kumanogoh A, Shikina T, Suzuki K, Uematsu S, Yukawa K, Kashiwamura S, Tsutsui H, Yamamoto M, Takamatsu H, Ko-Mitamura EP, Takegahara N, Marukawa S, Ishida I, Morishita H, Prasad DV, Tamura M, Mizui M, Toyofuku T, Akira S, Takeda K, Okabe M, Kikutani H (2005) Nonredundant roles of Sema4A in the immune system: defective T cell priming and Th1/Th2 regulation in Sema4A-deficient mice. Immunity 22:305–316

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  55. Lee KH, Holdorf AD, Dustin ML, Chan AC, Allen PM, Shaw AS (2002) T cell receptor signaling precedes immunological synapse formation. Science 295:1539–1542

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  56. Lin L, Gerth AJ, Peng SL (2004) Active inhibition of plasma cell development in resting B cells by microphthalmia-associated transcription factor. J Exp Med 200:115–122

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  57. Lindquist RL, Shakhar G, Dudziak D, Wardemann H, Eisenreich T, Dustin ML, Nussenzweig MC (2004) Visualizing dendritic cell networks in vivo. Nat Immunol 5:1243–1250

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  58. Mack M, Schneider MA, Moll C, Cihak J, Bruhl H, Ellwart JW, Hogarth MP, Stangassinger M, Schlondorff D (2005) Identification of antigen-capturing cells as basophils. J Immunol 174:735–741

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  59. MacLennan IC (1994) Germinal centers. Annu Rev Immunol 12:117–139

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  60. MacLennan IC, Gray D (1986) Antigen-driven selection of virgin and memory B cells. Immunol Rev 91:61–85

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  61. Maldonado RA, Irvine DJ, Schreiber R, Glimcher LH (2004) Arole for the immunological synapse in lineage commitment of CD4 lymphocytes. Nature 431:527–532

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  62. Malherbe L, Hausl C, Teyton L, McHeyzer-Williams MG (2004) Clonal selection of helper T cells is determined by an affinity threshold with no further skewing of TCR binding properties. Immunity 21:669–679

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  63. Manz RA, Thiel A, Radbruch A (1997) Lifetime of plasma cells in the bone marrow. Nature 388:133–134

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  64. Maruyama M, Lam KP, Rajewsky K (2000) Memory B-cell persistence is independent of persisting immunizing antigen. Nature 407:636–642

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  65. Matsumoto M, Lo SF, Carruthers CJ, Min J, Mariathasan S, Huang G, Plas DR, Martin SM, Geha RS, Nahm MH, Chaplin DD (1996) Affinity maturation without germinal centres in lymphotoxin-alpha-deficient mice. Nature 382:462–466

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  66. Matsumoto M, Mariathasan S, Nahm MH, Baranyay F, Peschon JJ, Chaplin DD (1996) Role of lymphotoxin and the type I TNF receptor in the formation of germinal centers. Science 271:1289–1291

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  67. McHeyzer-Williams LJ, Cool M, McHeyzer-Williams MG (2000) Antigen-specific B cell memory: expression and replenishment of a novel b220(-) memory b cell compartment. J Exp Med 191:1149–1166

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  68. McHeyzer-Williams LJ, Fanelli Panus J, Mikszta JA, McHeyzer-Williams MG (1999) Evolution of antigen-specific T cell receptors in vivo: preimmune and antigen-driven selection of preferred complementarity-determining region 3 (CDR3) motifs. J Exp Med 189:1823–1837

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  69. McHeyzer-Williams LJ, McHeyzer-Williams M (2004) Antigen-specific memory B cell development. Annu Rev Immunol 271:173–188

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  70. McHeyzer-Williams LJ, McHeyzer-Williams MG (2004) Analysis of antigenspecific B-cell memory directly ex vivo. Methods Mol Biol 271:173–188

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  71. McHeyzer-Williams LJ, McHeyzer-Williams MG (2004) Developmentally distinct Th cells control plasma cell production in vivo. Immunity 20:231–242

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  72. McHeyzer-Williams LJ, McHeyzer-Williams MG (2005) Antigen-specific memory B cell development. Annu Rev Immunol 23:487–513

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  73. McHeyzer-Williams MG, Ahmed R (1999) B cell memory and the long-lived plasma cell. Curr Opin Immunol 11:172–179

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  74. McHeyzer-Williams MG, Davis MM (1995) Antigen-specific development of primary and memory T cells in vivo. Science 268:106–111

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  75. McHeyzer-Williams MG, McLean MJ, Lalor PA, Nossal GJ (1993) Antigen-driven B cell differentiation in vivo. J Exp Med 178:295–307

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  76. McHeyzer-Williams MG, Nossal GJ, Lalor PA (1991) Molecular characterization of single memory B cells. Nature 350:502–505

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  77. Mempel TR, Henrickson SE, Von Andrian UH (2004) T-cell priming by dendritic cells in lymph nodes occurs in three distinct phases. Nature 427:154–159

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  78. Meyer-Hermann ME, Maini PK (2005) Cutting edge: back to “one-way” germinal centers. J Immunol 174:2489–2493

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  79. Mikszta JA, McHeyzer-Williams LJ, McHeyzer-Williams MG (1999) Antigendriven selection of TCR In vivo: related TCR alpha-chains pair with diverse TCR beta-chains. J Immunol 163:5978–5988

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  80. Neuberger MS, DiNoia JM, Beale RC, Williams GT, Yang Z, Rada C (2005) Somatic hypermutation at A T pairs: polymerase error versus dUTP incorporation. Nat Rev Immunol 5:171–178

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  81. Newman J, Rice JS, Wang C, Harris SL, Diamond B (2003) Identification of an antigen-specific B cell population. J Immunol Methods 272:177–187

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  82. O’Connor BP, Cascalho M, Noelle RJ (2002) Short-lived and long-lived bone marrow plasma cells are derived from a novel precursor population. J Exp Med 195:737–745

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  83. O’Connor BP, Raman VS, Erickson LD, Cook WJ, Weaver LK, Ahonen C, Lin LL, Mantchev GT, Bram RJ, Noelle RJ (2004) BCMA is essential for the survival of long-lived bone marrow plasma cells. J Exp Med 199:91–98

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  84. Obst R, van Santen HM, Mathis D, Benoist C (2005) Antigen persistence is required throughout the expansion phase of a CD4(+) T cell response. J Exp Med 201:1555–1565

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  85. Ozaki K, Spolski R, Feng CG, Qi CF, Cheng J, Sher A, Morse HC 3rd, Liu C, Schwartzberg PL, Leonard WJ (2002) A critical role for IL-21 in regulating immunoglobulin production. Science 298:1630–1634

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  86. Panus JF, McHeyzer-Williams LJ, McHeyzer-Williams MG (2000) Antigen-specific T helper cell function: differential cytokine expression in primary and memory responses. J Exp Med 192:1301–1316

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  87. Phan RT, Dalla-Favera R (2004) The BCL6 proto-oncogene suppresses p53 expression in germinal-centre B cells. Nature 432:635–639

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  88. Phan TG, Gardam S, Basten A, Brink R (2005) Altered migration, recruitment, and somatic hypermutation in the early response of marginal zone B cells to T cell-dependent antigen. J Immunol 174:4567–4578

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  89. Pulendran B (2004) Modulating vaccine responses with dendritic cells and Toll-like receptors. Immunol Rev 199:227–250

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  90. Rajewsky K (1996) Clonal selection and learning in the antibody system. Nature 381:751–758

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  91. Ramiro AR, Jankovic M, Eisenreich T, Difilippantonio S, Chen-Kiang S, Muramatsu M, Honjo T, Nussenzweig A, Nussenzweig MC (2004) AID is required for c-myc/IgH chromosome translocations in vivo. Cell 118:431–438

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  92. Randolph GJ, Inaba K, Robbiani DF, Steinman RM, Muller WA (1999) Differentiation of phagocytic monocytes into lymph node dendritic cells in vivo. Immunity 11:753–761

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  93. Rice JS, Newman J, Wang C, Michael DJ, Diamond B (2005) Receptor editing in peripheral B cell tolerance. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 102:1608–1613

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  94. Rock KL, Reiser H, Bamezai A, McGrew J, Benacerraf B (1989) The LY-6 locus: a multigene family encoding phosphatidylinositol-anchored membrane proteins concerned with T-cell activation. Immunol Rev 111:195–224

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  95. Sciammas R, Davis MM (2004) Modular nature of Blimp-1 in the regulation of gene expression during B cell maturation. J Immunol 172:5427–5440

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  96. Shaffer AL, Shapiro-Shelef M, Iwakoshi NN, Lee AH, Qian SB, Zhao H, Yu X, Yang L, Tan BK, Rosenwald A, Hurt EM, Petroulakis E, Sonenberg N, Yewdell JW, Calame K, Glimcher LH, Staudt LM (2004) XBP1, downstream of Blimp-1, expands the secretory apparatus and other organelles, and increases protein synthesis in plasma cell differentiation. Immunity 21:81–93

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  97. Shakhar G, Lindquist RL, Skokos D, Dudziak D, Huang JH, Nussenzweig MC, Dustin ML (2005) Stable T cell-dendritic cell interactions precede the development of both tolerance and immunity in vivo. Nat Immunol 6:707–714

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  98. Shapiro-Shelef M, Lin KI, McHeyzer-Williams LJ, Liao J, McHeyzer-Williams MG, Calame K (2003) Blimp-1 is required for the formation of immunoglobulin secreting plasma cells and pre-plasma memory B cells. Immunity 19:607–620

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  99. Sharpe AH, Freeman GJ (2002) The B7-CD28 superfamily. Nat Rev Immunol 2:116–126

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  100. Shih TA, Meffre E, Roederer M, Nussenzweig MC (2002) Role of BCR affinity in T cell dependent antibody responses in vivo. Nat Immunol 3:570–575

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  101. Shortman K, Liu YJ (2002) Mouse and human dendritic cell subtypes. Nat Rev Immunol 2:151–161

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  102. Slifka MK, Antia R, Whitmire JK, Ahmed R (1998) Humoral immunity due to long-lived plasma cells. Immunity 8:363–372

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  103. Smith KG, Light A, O’Reilly LA, Ang SM, Strasser A, Tarlinton D (2000) bcl-2 transgene expression inhibits apoptosis in the germinal center and reveals differences in the selection of memory B cells and bone marrow antibody-forming cells. J Exp Med 191:475–484

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  104. Snapper CM, Paul WE (1987) Interferon-gamma and B cell stimulatory factor-1 reciprocally regulate Ig isotype production. Science 236:944–947

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  105. Song H, Cerny J (2003) Functional heterogeneity of marginal zone B cells revealed by their ability to generate both early antibody-forming cells and germinal centers with hypermutation and memory in response to a T-dependent antigen. J Exp Med 198:1923–1935

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  106. Takahashi Y, Cerasoli DM, Dal Porto JM, Shimoda M, Freund R, Fang W, Telander DG, Malvey EN, Mueller DL, Behrens TW, Kelsoe G (1999) Relaxed negative selection in germinal centers and impaired affinity maturation in bcl-xL transgenic mice. J Exp Med 190:399–410

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  107. Takahashi Y, Ohta H, Takemori T (2001) Fas is required for clonal selection in germinal centers and the subsequent establishment of the memory B cell repertoire. Immunity 14:181–192

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  108. Takeda K, Tanaka T, Shi W, Matsumoto M, Minami M, Kashiwamura S, Nakanishi K, Yoshida N, Kishimoto T, Akira S (1996) Essential role of Stat6 in IL-4 signalling. Nature 380:627–630

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  109. Tew JG, Kosco MH, Burton GF, Szakal AK (1990) Follicular dendritic cells as accessory cells. Immunol Rev 117:185–211

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  110. Toyama H, Okada S, Hatano M, Takahashi Y, Takeda N, Ichii H, Takemori T, Kuroda Y, Tokuhisa T (2002) Memory B cells without somatic hypermutation are generated from Bcl6-deficient B cells. Immunity 17:329–339

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  111. Trombetta ES, Mellman I (2005) Cell biology of antigen processing in vitro and in vivo. Annu Rev Immunol 23:975–1028

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  112. Tunyaplin C, Shaffer AL, Angelin-Duclos CD, Yu X, Staudt LM, Calame KL (2004) Direct repression of prdm1 by Bcl-6 inhibits plasmacytic differentiation. J Immunol 173:1158–1165

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  113. Turner CA Jr, Mack DH, Davis MM (1994) Blimp-1, a novel zinc finger-containing protein that can drive the maturation of B lymphocytes into immunoglobulinsecreting cells. Cell 77:297–306

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  114. Zheng B, Han S, Kelsoe G (1996) T helper cells in murine germinal centers are antigen-specific emigrants that downregulate Thy-1. J Exp Med 184:1083–1091

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  115. Zheng B, Han S, Zhu Q, Goldsby R, Kelsoe G (1996) Alternative pathways for the selection of antigen-specific peripheral T cells. Nature 384:263–266

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  116. Zheng NY, Wilson K, Jared M, Wilson PC (2005) Intricate targeting of immunoglobulin somatic hypermutation maximizes the efficiency of affinity maturation. J Exp Med 201:1467–1478

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

Download references

Author information

Authors and Affiliations

  1. The Scripps Research Institute, 10550 North Torrey Pines Road, ICND 120, La Jolla, CA, 92037, USA

    L. J. McHeyzer-Williams, L. P. Malherbe & M. G. McHeyzer-Williams

Authors
  1. L. J. McHeyzer-Williams
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

  2. L. P. Malherbe
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

  3. M. G. McHeyzer-Williams
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

Editor information

Editors and Affiliations

  1. Emory Vaccine Center, 954 Gatewood Road, Atlante, GA, 30329, USA

    Bali Pulendran Ph.D.  & Rafi Ahmed Ph.D.  & 

Rights and permissions

Reprints and permissions

Copyright information

© 2006 Springer-Verlag Berlin Heidelberg

About this chapter

Cite this chapter

McHeyzer-Williams, L.J., Malherbe, L.P., McHeyzer-Williams, M.G. (2006). Helper T Cell-Regulated B Cell Immunity. In: Pulendran, B., Ahmed, R. (eds) From Innate Immunity to Immunological Memory. Current Topics in Microbiology and Immunology, vol 311. Springer, Berlin, Heidelberg . https://doi.org/10.1007/3-540-32636-7_3

Download citation

Publish with us

Policies and ethics

Search

Navigation