Non recurrent inferior laryngeal nerve is an anomaly explained by the process of nerve and blood vessel development from the embryologic branchial arch associated with the anomalous origin of the right subclavian artery from the aortic arch. We report a case of non recurrent laryngeal nerve found during thyroid surgery. Recurrent laryngeal nerve injury is a major complications of thyroid surgery that occurs easily in the presence of non recurrent inferior laryngeal nerve. Thyroid surgery, thus repuires particular awareness of this possibility.