Abstract

INTRODUCTION

Medical tourism as an industry in various countries such as Thailand, Singapore, Hungary, Argentina, Malaysia, Cuba, Israel, Brazil, Jordan, Turkey, and India, are[1,2,3] those that ensure sustainable development and economic dynamics.[4] The wo related developments were the demand for medical tourism services and facilitation of the Kalasazy Khdmatast globalization. Another key factor was the development of the globalization of medical tourism services. There were major reasons that made international travel health care Afradbray choose, including long waiting lists in developed countries, low-cost medical treatment in developing countries,[5,6] and effective Bakhdmat is the new health care.[7,8]

The Medical Vjvdgrdshgry complex area was chosen for the study. Many governments, agencies, and private providers of health, help to provide medical tourism as an economic development tool that can be considered competitive for the treatment of global health problems. Others, medical tourism as part of the marketing process of economic and public health services as a result of pressure from neoliberal political representatives, the gap between communities and within communities increases.[9]

MATERIALS AND METHODS

This study was conducted in the first three months of 1390. First, all research related to medical tourism was searched for by using keywords Medical tourism, Health tourism, Dental tourism, Stem-cell tourism, Transplant tourism, Reproductive tourism in the four bases of ISI, Science direct, Emerald, and Oxford Vklad; the term medical tourism was searched for in two internal databases Magiran and SID.

The primary criterion for selecting the articles and their relationship with medical tourism was one of the keywords in the title. The inclusion and exclusion criteria were studies that included:

1. Article had to be from the period between 2000 and 2011

2. The article had to be in English and Farsi

3. Article had to have a complete structure

4. Internal article had to be published in scientific journals

5. Of the research articles, case studies, and literature reviews, reports and letters were excluded

6. Full text articles could be implemented (articles that were only available as abstracts were not considered).

Articles were retrieved in the Endnote software and duplicate articles were removed and the joint at the base. The obtained data were analyzed using descriptive statistics and content analysis categories.

RESULTS

The maximum number of websites were in this ISI (116), respectively. The search with keyword, ‘Medical Tourism’ helped to retrieve the largest number of articles (125 patients) [Table 1]. Of the 165 articles available full-text retrieval with a total of 38 articles were in Endnotes [Table 2].

Table 1

The number of retrieved articles from databases selected between 2000 and 2011

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Table 2

Results of the search strategy in selected sites between 2000 and 2012 and identified the final articles

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After considering the inclusion and exclusion criteria and removing duplicate articles and the joint at the base,[9] 28 articles were obtained. All articles obtained in this step, the separation was studied and the type of paper and paper, mining was the main axis. Eleven of these articles were research articles. Three were case studies from Mexico,[10] India, Hungary, and Germany,[11] and Iran.[12] Fourteen cases were a review of documents and data, as well as, an overview of the past.

The main topics of study include: General familiarity with the medical tourism industry,[9,13,14,15] the motivation of tourists and tourism growth factor,[4,16,17,18,19,20,21,22,23,24,25] ethical issues in medical tourism and the impact of medical tourism on the health system,[1,9,13,16,20,24,26,27,28,29,30,31,32] and marketing of medical tourism,[3,20,33,34] which were referred to in:

The definition of medical tourism

Medical tourism and health tourism, that is, tourism in the wider area was derived.[13,14] In Medical Texts and Studies in Health, Medical Tourism, as a general term, used to mean that it aimed to seek medical treatment in foreign lands, and travel and tourism was taking this journey with or without treatment.[9] Statistics included persons residing in foreign countries, even though they were not tourists. Second, with regard to the relative importance of various sources of health care received during a visit to the host country qualify for tourists hand, Chshmgyrydarnd difference. Based on this spectrum, the meaning of medical tourism will be provided and clarified[15] [Table 3]. Only patients for medical tourists spending leisure tourists therapist only tourists.

Table 3

The place of medical tourist

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Based on the range, in which individual tourists as leisure time in the host country has no use of medical services. Medical Tourism is a therapist's medical treatment of a tourist when health problems occur to her/him suddenly during the trip, and he/she gets medical services in the host country. Medical tourism is that tourism, which will also be awarded. Travel motivations are the motivations of tourists who received medical services at their time of passing the host country. Finally, a patient receives medical care individual who has opted for the host country.[15]

CONCLUSION

Medical tourism to exploit the possibility of combining tourism with aspects of medical services,[35] has become an important industry.

Robert[25] (2011), is also known for his study on the cost of facilities and treatment centers, hospital accreditation, doctors’ reputations, opportunities after surgery (recovery period), culture, facilities affiliated with hospitals in developed countries, and lack some of the services.

The study showed that medical tourism is a very important factor in marketing. However, the findings indicate different perceptions about the achievements of medical tourism. In fact, although medical tourism has numerous benefits, it also has to deal with what the consequences might be. Ethical issues as an area of study is medical tourism, but to judge how much of these results are due to the growth of medical tourism is difficult and controversial.

Some Thai experts believe that every time a foreign person comes, medicine meets with foreign prices, creates an opportunity for a Thai person to a medical expense to meet the usual Thailand. In other words, this is the injection of capital to hospitals in Thailand. On the other hand, because very few hospitals have entered the field of medical tourism, medical tourism is not the cause of brain drain. Thailand's entry into the medical tourism is due to the number of qualified doctors, and the hospital has provided an opportunity to enhance its reputation. Investment in medical equipment and improvement in the training of general practitioners in Thailand, has resulted in benefits to society. On the other hand, patients treated by external physicians, makes the doctors feel less powerful, with mood and attitude, which will lead to a confrontation with the patient. The professional ethics of the physicians will be affected.[16]

Given these limitations, it can be said of the medical tourism industry that, despite extensive information, the lack of systematic evaluations is common.

Footnotes

REFERENCES