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Preparation, Characterization and Photocatalytic Application of Carbonate Modified Titania

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Abstract:

Carbonate is a common pollutant in water and wastewater. A study to understand its influence on the photodegradation rates is necessary especially when TiO2/UV technique is emerging as an advanced technology for pollution abatement. In the present investigation, we report surface modification of titanium dioxide using carbonate ions, characterization of carbonate modified titanium dioxide (CMT) and photocatalytic application of carbonate modified TiO2. Titanium dioxide from two different sources namely BDH, Mumbai and Degussa AG, Germany was used as photocatalyst. The CMT catalysts were characterized using potentiometry, FT-IR and XPS. Approximately, 18.9 mg CO3/g CMT(BDH) and 8.13 mg CO3/g CMT(Degussa) was found loaded as determined by potentiometry. The C 1s and O 1s binding energies observed at 289.2 and 531.3 eV, respectively were attributed to surface carbonate species. The adsorption and photodegradation of Acid Blue I dye examined using neat TiO2 as well as CMT catalysts revealed that carbonate inhibits catalytic activity for color and Chemical Oxygen Demand (COD) removal. The photo degradation rate constant (k, s-1) decreases gradually with increasing concentration of carbonate. Thus, in the absence of carbonate kdye is 5.45 × 10-4 s-1 (R2 = 0.97) and kCOD is 3.50 × 10-5 s-1 (R2 = 0.97). At 100 mg/L CO32-, kdye is 0.16 × 10-4 s-1 (R2 = 0.96) and kCOD is 2.66 × 10-5 s-1 (R2 = 0.98). In addition, the carbonate spiking studies revealed the onset of inhibition soon after the addition of carbonate into reacting suspensions of TiO2. The results suggest that carbonate inhibits catalytic activity through formation of strong surface complex under suitable pH by displacing OH2+ and OH groups from TiO2 surface. This results not only in fewer (OH)surface groups available for h+ trapping for oxidation into OH radicals but also in non-availability of adsorption sites for the dye molecules. A pretreatment to remove carbonate from (waste) water appears necessary prior to application of TiO2/UV technique

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Periodical:

Materials Science Forum (Volume 764)

Pages:

219-235

DOI:

https://doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/MSF.764.219

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Online since:

July 2013

Authors:

Rita Sandeep Dhodapkar, Nageswara Rao Neti

Keywords:

Acid Blue I, Adsorptive Inhibition, Carbonate Ion, Carbonate Modified Titanium Dioxide, Photodegradation, Titanium Dioxide (TiO2), Water Wastewater

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