Meanings That Youth Associate With Healthy and Unhealthy Food

Publication: Canadian Journal of Dietetic Practice and Research
17 February 2009

Abstract

Purpose: The symbolic meanings that youth associate with food were explored, as were barriers to accessing healthy foods.
Methods: Qualitative methods and a constructivist approach were employed, and data were collected through semi-structured interviews and a card-sorting activity. Thirteen adolescents aged 13 to 15 (seven girls, six boys) were recruited through public schools and posters displayed in community settings. Thematic analytical techniques were used to analyze the data.
Results: Participants classified foods into healthy and unhealthy groups, as well as into an “in-between” group that included nutritionally enhanced foods. Healthy and unhealthy foods were linked to a variety of physical, social, and emotional meanings. Some meanings associated with foods were also discussed in gendered terms, and numerous barriers to accessing healthy foods were reported.
Conclusions: Foods hold multiple meanings for youth. Programs and policies aimed at fostering healthy eating need to capitalize on positive associations related to healthy foods. Negative associations related to healthy foods need to be acknowledged and strategies developed to recast such linkages. Likewise, the positive associations linked to unhealthy foods need to be addressed. Strategies also need to be developed to ensure access to healthy foods in all settings, especially within schools and community leisure settings.

Résumé

Objectif. Les significations symboliques que les jeunes associent aux aliments ont été examinées, ainsi que les obstacles à l'accès à des aliments sains.
Méthodes. Des méthodes qualitatives et une approche constructiviste ont été utilisées et les données ont été recueillies au moyen d'entrevues semi-structurées et d'une activité de classement de cartes. Au total, 13 adolescents de 13 à 15 ans (sept filles, six garçons) ont été recrutés dans des écoles publiques et par des affiches apposées dans des milieux communautaires. Des techniques d'analyse thématique ont été utilisées pour analyser les données.
Résultats. Les participants ont classé les aliments en deux groupes – bons et mauvais pour la santé – auxquels ils ont ajouté un groupe intermédiaire pour inclure les aliments enrichis en nutriments. Les aliments bons et mauvais pour la santé étaient liés à diverses significations physiques, sociales et émotionnelles. Certaines significations associées à des aliments ont également été discutées quant aux différences entre garçons et filles, et de nombreux obstacles à l'accès à des aliments sains sont ressortis.
Conclusions. Les aliments sont chargés de multiples significations pour les jeunes. Les programmes et politiques ayant pour but de promouvoir l'alimentation saine doivent capitaliser sur les associations positives liées aux aliments bons pour la santé. Il faut connaître les associations négatives liées aux aliments bons pour la santé et concevoir des stratégies pour les recadrer. De même, on doit s'attaquer aux associations positives liées aux aliments mauvais pour la santé. Des stratégies doivent en outre être élaborées pour s'assurer de l'accès à des aliments sains dans tous les milieux, en particulier dans les écoles et les milieux de loisirs communautaires.

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Information & Authors

Information

Published In

cover image Canadian Journal of Dietetic Practice and Research
Canadian Journal of Dietetic Practice and Research
Volume 70Number 1March 2009
Pages: 6 - 12

History

Version of record online: 17 February 2009

Authors

Affiliations

Michelle Harrison, MA
Health Promotion Program, Dalhousie University, Halifax, NS
Lois A. Jackson, PhD
Health Promotion Program, Dalhousie University, Halifax, NS

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