Abstract
Vesicles are self-aggregating systems that exhibit a rich structural variety and are able to encapsulate active molecules. Once their effective volume fraction exceeds a certain value the formation of vesicle gels will occur. The details of the vesicular structure and also the rheological properties of vesicle gels are controlled to a large extent by the molecular composition of the amphiphilic system. Some particular examples of such vesicle gels are discussed in this article which were characterised by phase studies, measurements of their rheological behaviour, and comprehensive scattering experiments in order to obtain a detailed structural picture which can be correlated with the macroscopic properties.
Kurzfassung
Vesikel sind selbstaggregierende Systeme, die eine reiche strukturelle Vielfalt besitzen und in der Lage sind Wirkstoffmoleküle zu solubilisieren. Wenn ihr effektiver Volumenbruch einen bestimmten Wert übersteigt, dann kommt es zur Ausbildung von Vesikelgelen. Die Details der Vesikelstruktur und die rheologischen Eigenschaften von Vesikelgelen sind weitgehend durch die molekulare Zusammensetzung des amphiphilen Systems bestimmt. Einige Beispiele solcher Vesikelgele werden in diesem Artikel diskutiert. Deren Charakterisierung erfolgte durch Untersuchung des Phasenverhaltens, rheologische Messungen und Streuexperimente um das strukturelle Bild mit den makroskopischen Eigenschaften zu korrelieren.
References
1.Ekwall, P., Mandell, L. and Fontell, K.: Mol. Cryst. Liq. Cryst.8(1969)157. 10.1080/15421406908084903Search in Google Scholar
2.Wennerström, H. and Lindman, B.: Phys. Rep.52(1979)1. 10.1016/0370-1573(79)90087-5Search in Google Scholar
3.Chevalier, Y. and Zemb, T.: Rep. Prog. Phys.53(1990)279. 10.1088/0034-4885/53/3/002Search in Google Scholar
4.Harroun, T. A., Koslowsky, M., Nieh, M. P., de Lannoy, C. F., Raghunathan, V. A. and Katsaras, J.: Langmuir21(2005)535610.1021/la050018tSearch in Google Scholar
5.Israelachvili, J. N., Mitchell, D. J. and NinhamB.W.: Biochim. Biophys. Acta470(1977)185. 10.1016/0005-2736(77)90099-2Search in Google Scholar
6.Meunier, J.: J. Phys. (France)48(1987)1819. 10.1051/jphys:0198700480100181900Search in Google Scholar
7.Papahadjopoulos, D.: Ann. NY Acad. Sci.308(1978)371. 10.1111/j.1749-6632.1978.tb22035.xSearch in Google Scholar
8.Bangham, A. D. and Horne, R. W.: J. Mol. Biol.8(1964)660. 10.1016/S0022-2836(64)80115-7Search in Google Scholar
9.Panizza, P., Roux, D., Vuillaume, V., LuC. Y. D. and CatesM.E.: Langmuir12(1996)248. 10.1021/la9504016Search in Google Scholar
10.Helfrich, W.: J. Phys. Condens. Matter6(1994)A79. 10.1088/0953-8984/6/23A/009Search in Google Scholar
11.Gradzielski, M., Müller, M., Bergmeier, M., Hoffmann, H. and Hoinkis, E.: J. Phys. Chem. B103(1999)1416. 10.1021/jp9833303Search in Google Scholar
12.Kaler, E. W., Murthy, A. K., Rodriguez, B. E. and Zasadzinski, J. A. N.: Science245(1989)1371. 10.1126/science.2781283Search in Google Scholar
13.Shioi, A. and Hatton, T. A.: Langmuir18(2002)7341. 10.1021/la020268zSearch in Google Scholar
14.Egelhaaf, S. U. and Schurtenberger, P.: Phys. Rev. Let.82(1999)2804. 10.1103/PhysRevLett.82.2804Search in Google Scholar
15.Wolf, C.: Zulassungsarbeit, Universität Bayreuth(2004).Search in Google Scholar
16.Weiss, T. M., Narayanan, T., Wolf, C., Gradzielski, M., Panine, P., Finet, S. and Helsby, W. I.: Phys. Rev. Let.94(2005)038303. 10.1103/PhysRevLett.94.038303Search in Google Scholar
17.Nieh, M. P., Harroun, T. A., Raghunathan, V. A., Glinka, C. J. and Katsaras, J.: Phys. Rev. Lett.91(2003)158105. 10.1103/PhysRevLett.91.158105Search in Google Scholar
18.Felgner, P. L.: Adv. Drug. Del. Rev.5(1990)163. 10.1016/0169-409X(90)90015-KSearch in Google Scholar
19.Lasic, D. D.: Liposomes in Gene Delivery(1997)CRC Press, Boca Raton, USA.10.1016/B978-044482917-7/50021-1Search in Google Scholar
20.Fernandez, P., Willenbacher, N., Frechen, T. and Kuhnle, A.: Coll. Surf. A262(2005)204. 10.1016/j.colsurfa.2005.04.033Search in Google Scholar
21.Gradzielski, M.: J. Phys: Condens. Matter15(2003)R655. 10.1088/0953-8984/15/19/202Search in Google Scholar
22.Hufnagl, A. and Gradzielski, M.: in preparation.Search in Google Scholar
23.Gradzielski, M., Hoffmann, H., Valiente, M. and Egelhaaf, S.: J. Coll. Interface Sci.205(1998)149. 10.1006/jcis.1998.5643Search in Google Scholar
24.Hufnagl, A. and Gradzielski, M.: Colloids Surf. A183–185(2001)227. 10.1016/S0927-7757(01)00550-7Search in Google Scholar
25.Shiao, S. Y., Chabra, V., Patist, A., Free, M. L., Huibers, P. D. T., Gregory, A., Patel, S. and Shah, D. O.: Adv. Coll. Interface Sci.74(1998)1. 10.1016/S0001-8686(97)00005-5Search in Google Scholar
26.Szleifer, I., Kramer, D., Ben-Shaul, A., Gelbart, W. M. and Safran, S. A.: J. Chem. Phys.92(1990)6800. 10.1063/1.458267Search in Google Scholar
27.Gradzielski, M., Langevin, D., Sottmann, T. and Strey, R.: J. Chem. Phys.106(1997)8232. 10.1063/1.473888Search in Google Scholar
28.Thomas, D. G.: J. Colloid Sci.20(1959)267. 10.1016/0095-8522(65)90016-4Search in Google Scholar
29.Hoover, W. G. and Ree, F. H.: J. Chem. Phys.49(1968)3609. 10.1063/1.1670641Search in Google Scholar
30.van der Linden, E. and Dröge, J. H. M.: Physica A193(1993)439. 10.1016/0378-4371(93)90486-NSearch in Google Scholar
31.Bergmeier, M.: Dissertation, Universität Bayreuth, Germany(1999).Search in Google Scholar
32.Gradzielski, M.: Langmuir14(1998)6037. 10.1021/la980074cSearch in Google Scholar
33.van der Werff, J. C., de Kruif, C. G. and DhontJ. K. G.: Physica160A(1989)205.10.1016/0378-4371(89)90417-2Search in Google Scholar
34.KinzelS. and Gradzielski, M.: to be published.Search in Google Scholar
© 2007, Carl Hanser Publisher, Munich
