Skip to content
Licensed Unlicensed Requires Authentication Published by De Gruyter August 14, 2010

Chemical evaluation of Fallopia species leaves and antioxidant properties of their non-cellulosic polysaccharides

  • Zdenka Hromádková EMAIL logo , Ján Hirsch and Anna Ebringerová
From the journal Chemical Papers

Abstract

Utilization of biomass from forest or agricultural crops for the production of energy or chemical products provides environmental advantages. Leaves of the knotweeds Fallopia japonica, Fallopia sachalinensis, and Fallopia × bohemica are rich sources of phenolics and polysaccharides. In view of their potential utilization before the disposal of these invasive plants, their gross composition was investigated. The content of extractives was the highest in F. sachalinensis. Extractive-free leaves of all species showed similar chemical composition. The content of ash, protein, lignin, uronic acids, and α-cellulose in the leaves of F. sachalinensis, F. × bohemica, and F. japonica was 63.3 %, 64.1 %, and 63.4 %, respectively. The rest comprised hemicelluloses and neutral carbohydrate components of pectic polysaccharides. Sequential extraction of F. sachalinensis with water, EDTA, DMSO, 1 % NaOH, and 5 % NaOH yielded fractions accounting together for 27.6 % of polysaccharides. Pectic polysaccharides predominated in the first three fractions, whereas the hemicellulose components — xylan and xyloglucan, prevailed in the two alkaline fractions. The polysaccharides displayed significant radical scavenging activities in the 1,1-diphenyl-2-picrylhydrazyl free radical assay thus indicating their potential application as novel natural antioxidants.

[1] Ahmed, A. R., & Labavitch, J. M. (1978). A simplified method for accurate determination of cell wall uronide content. Journal of Food Biochemistry, 1, 361–365. DOI: 10.1111/j.1745-4514.1978.tb00193.x. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1745-4514.1978.tb00193.x10.1111/j.1745-4514.1978.tb00193.xSearch in Google Scholar

[2] Angone, S. A., Bardor, M., Nguema-Ona, E., Rihouey, C., Ishii, T., Lerouge, P., & Driouich, A. (2009). Structural characterization of cell wall polysaccharides from two plant species endemic to central Africa, Fleurya aestuans and Phragmenthera capitata. Carbohydrate Polymers, 75, 104–109. DOI: 10.1016/j.carbpol.2008.07.003. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.carbpol.2008.07.00310.1016/j.carbpol.2008.07.003Search in Google Scholar

[3] Balasundram, N., Sundram, K., & Samman, S. (2006). Phenolic compounds in plants and agri-industrial by-products: Antioxidant activity, occurrence, and potential uses. Food Chemistry, 99, 191–203. DOI: 10.1016/j.foodchem.2005.07.042. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.foodchem.2005.07.04210.1016/j.foodchem.2005.07.042Search in Google Scholar

[4] Bao, X., Wang, Z., Fang, J., & Li, X. (2002). Structural features of an immunostimulating and antioxidant acidic polysaccharide from the seeds of Cuscuta chinensis. Planta Medica, 68, 237–243. DOI: 10.1055/s-2002-23133. http://dx.doi.org/10.1055/s-2002-2313310.1055/s-2002-23133Search in Google Scholar

[5] Beerling, D. J., Bailey, J. P., & Conolly, A. P. (1994). Fallopia japonica (Houtt.) Ronse Decraene. Journal of Ecology, 82, 959–979. http://dx.doi.org/10.2307/226145910.2307/2261459Search in Google Scholar

[6] Blumenkrantz, N., & Asboe-Hansen, G. (1973). New method for quantitative determination of uronic acids. Analytical Biochemistry, 54, 484–489. DOI: 10.1016/0003-2697(73)90377-1. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/0003-2697(73)90377-110.1016/0003-2697(73)90377-1Search in Google Scholar

[7] Brendel, O., Iannetta, P. P. M., & Stewart, D. (2000). A rapid and simple method to isolate pure α-cellulose. Phytochemical Analysis, 11, 7–10. DOI: 10.1002/(SICI)1099-1565(200001/02)11:1<7::AID-PCA488>3.0.CO;2-U. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/(SICI)1099-1565(200001/02)11:1<7::AID-PCA488>3.0.CO;2-U10.1002/(SICI)1099-1565(200001/02)11:1<7::AID-PCA488>3.0.CO;2-USearch in Google Scholar

[8] Browning, B. L. (1967). Methods of wood chemistry (Vol. 2). New York, NY, USA: Wiley. Search in Google Scholar

[9] Busato, A. P., Vargas-Rechia, C. G., & Reicher, F. (2001). Xyloglucan from the leaves of Hymenaea courbaril. Phytochemistry, 58, 525–531. DOI: 10.1016/S0031-9422(01)00217-5. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/S0031-9422(01)00217-510.1016/S0031-9422(01)00217-5Search in Google Scholar

[10] Capek, P., Machová, E., & Turjan, J. (2009). Scavenging and antioxidant activities of immunomodulating polysaccharides isolated from Salvia officinalis L. International Journal of Biological Macromolecules, 4, 75–80. DOI: 10.1016/j.ijbiomac.2008.10.007. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.ijbiomac.2008.10.00710.1016/j.ijbiomac.2008.10.007Search in Google Scholar

[11] Chung, K.-T., Wong, T. Y., Wei, C.-Y., Huang, Y.-W., & Lin, Y. (1998). Tannins and human health: A review. Critical Reviews in Food Science and Nutrition, 38, 421–464. DOI: 10.1080/10408699891274273. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/1040869989127427310.1080/10408699891274273Search in Google Scholar

[12] Ebringerová, A., Hromádková, Z., Hříbalová, V., Xu, C., Holmbom, B., Sundberg, A., & Willför, S. (2008a). Norway spruce galactoglucomannans exhibiting immunomodulating and radical-scavenging activities. International Journal of Biological Macromolecules, 42, 1–5. DOI: 10.1016/j.ijbiomac.2007.08.001. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.ijbiomac.2007.08.00110.1016/j.ijbiomac.2007.08.001Search in Google Scholar

[13] Ebringerová, A., Hromádková, Z., Košťálová, Z., & Sasinková, V. (2008b). Chemical valorization of agricultural by-products: isolation and characterization of xylan-based antioxidants from almond shell biomass. Bioresources, 3, 60–70. Search in Google Scholar

[14] Faix, O. (1991). Classification of lignin from different botanical origins by FT-IR spectroscopy. Holzforschung, 45(Suppl.), 21–27. DOI: 10.1515/hfsg.1991.45.s1.21. http://dx.doi.org/10.1515/hfsg.1991.45.s1.2110.1515/hfsg.1991.45.s1.21Search in Google Scholar

[15] Ferreira, D., Barros, A., Coimbra, M. A., & Delgadillo, I. (2001). Use of FT-IR spectroscopy to follow the effect of processing in cell wall polysaccharide extracts of a sun-dried pear. Carbohydrate Polymers, 45, 175–182. DOI: 10.1016/S0144-8617(00)00320-9. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/S0144-8617(00)00320-910.1016/S0144-8617(00)00320-9Search in Google Scholar

[16] Gerber, E., Krebs, C., Murrell, C., Moretti, M., Rocklin, R., & Schaffner, U. (2008). Exotic invasive knotweeds (Fallopia spp.) negatively affect native plant and invertebrate assemblages in European riparian habitats. Biological Conservation, 141, 646–654. DOI: 10.1016/j.biocon.2007.12.009. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.biocon.2007.12.00910.1016/j.biocon.2007.12.009Search in Google Scholar

[17] Hromádková, Z., & Ebringerová, A. (2003). Ultrasonic extraction of plant materials—investigation of hemicellulose release from buckwheat hulls. Ultrasonics Sonochemistry, 10, 127–133. DOI: 10.1016/S1350-4177(03)00094-4. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/S1350-4177(03)00094-410.1016/S1350-4177(03)00094-4Search in Google Scholar

[18] Hromádková, Z., Košťálová, Z., & Ebringerová, A. (2008). Comparison of conventional and ultrasound-assisted extraction of phenolics-rich heteroxylans from wheat bran. Ultrasonics Sonochemistry, 15, 1062–1068. DOI: 10.1016/j.ultsonch.2008.04.008. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.ultsonch.2008.04.00810.1016/j.ultsonch.2008.04.008Search in Google Scholar

[19] Inoue, M., Nishimura, H., Li, H. H., & Mizutani, J. (1992). Allelochemicals from Polygonum sachalinense Fr. Schm. (Polygonaceae). Journal of Chemical Ecology, 18, 1833–1840. DOI: 10.1007/BF02751107. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF0275110710.1007/BF02751107Search in Google Scholar

[20] Jia, Z., Tang, M., & Wu, J. (1999). The determination of flavonoid contents in mulberry and their scavenging effects on superoxide radicals. Food Chemistry, 64, 555–559. DOI: 10.1016/S0308-8146(98)00102-2. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/S0308-8146(98)00102-210.1016/S0308-8146(98)00102-2Search in Google Scholar

[21] Kačuráková, M., Capek, P., Sasinková, V., Wellner, N., & Ebringerová, A. (2000). FT-IR study of plant cell wall model compounds: pectic polysaccharides and hemicelluloses. Carbohydrate Polymers, 43, 195–203. DOI: 10.1016/S01448617(00)00151X. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/S0144-8617(00)00151-XSearch in Google Scholar

[22] Kačuráková, M., Wellner, N., Ebringerová, A., Hromádková, Z., Wilson, R. H., & Belton, P. S. (1999). Characterisation of xylan-type polysaccharides and associated cell wall components by FT-IR and FT-Raman spectroscopies. Food Hydrocolloids, 13, 35–41. DOI: 10.1016/S0268-005X(98)00067-8. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/S0268-005X(98)00067-810.1016/S0268-005X(98)00067-8Search in Google Scholar

[23] Konstantinidou-Doltsinis, S. & Schmitt, A. (1998). Impact of treatment with plant extracts from Reynoutria sachalinensis (F. Schmidt) Nakai on intensity of powdery mildew severity and yield in cucumber under high disease pressure. Crop Protection, 17, 649–656. DOI: 10.1016/S0261-2194(98)00066-0. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/S0261-2194(98)00066-010.1016/S0261-2194(98)00066-0Search in Google Scholar

[24] Košťáková, Z., Hromádková, Z., & Ebringerová, A. (2009). Chemical evaluation of seeded fruit biomass of oil pumpkin (Cucurbita pepo L. var. Styriaca). Chemical Papers, 63, 406–413. DOI: 10.2478/s11696-009-0035-5. http://dx.doi.org/10.2478/s11696-009-0035-510.2478/s11696-009-0035-5Search in Google Scholar

[25] Larson, R. A. (1988). The antioxidants of higher plants. Phytochemistry, 27, 969–978. DOI: 10.1016/0031-9422(88)80254-1. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/0031-9422(88)80254-110.1016/0031-9422(88)80254-1Search in Google Scholar

[26] Mazumder, S., Morvan, C., Thakur, S., & Ray, B. (2004). Cell wall polysaccharides from Chalkumra (Benincasa hispida) fruit. Part I. Isolation and characterization of pectins. Journal of Agricultural and Food Chemistry, 52, 3556–3562. DOI: 10.1021/jf0343130. http://dx.doi.org/10.1021/jf034313010.1021/jf0343130Search in Google Scholar

[27] Nuutila, A. M., Puupponen-Pimiä, R., Aarni, M., & Oksman-Caldentey, K.-M. (2003). Comparison of antioxidant activities of onion and garlic extracts by inhibition of lipid peroxidation and radical scavenging activity. Food Chemistry, 81, 485–493. DOI: 10.1016/S0308-8146(02)00476-4. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/S0308-8146(02)00476-410.1016/S0308-8146(02)00476-4Search in Google Scholar

[28] Ng, T. B., He, J. S., Niu, S.M., Zhao, L., Pi, Z. F., Shao, W., & Liu, F. (2004). A gallic acid derivative and polysaccharides with antioxidative activity from rose (Rosa rugosa) flowers. Journal of Pharmacy and Pharmacology, 56, 537–545. DOI: 10.1211/0022357022944. http://dx.doi.org/10.1211/002235702294410.1211/0022357022944Search in Google Scholar

[29] Rao, R. S. P., & Muralikrishna, G. (2006). Water soluble feruloyl arabinoxylans from rice and ragi: Changes upon malting and their consequence on antioxidant activity. Phytochemistry, 67, 91–99. DOI: 10.1016/j.phytochem.2005.09.036. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.phytochem.2005.09.03610.1016/j.phytochem.2005.09.036Search in Google Scholar

[30] Ray, B., Loutelier-Bourhis, C., Lange, C., Condamine, E., Driouich, A., & Lerouge, P. (2004). Structural investigation of hemicellulosic polysaccharides from Argania spinosa: characterisation of a novel xyloglucan motif. Carbohydrate Research, 339, 201–208. DOI: 10.1016/j.carres.2003.10.011. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.carres.2003.10.01110.1016/j.carres.2003.10.011Search in Google Scholar

[31] Ridley, B. L., O’Neill, M. A., & Mohnen, D. (2001). Pectins: structure, biosynthesis, and oligogalacturonide-related signaling. Phytochemistry, 57, 929–967. DOI: 10.1016/S0031-9422(01)00113-3. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/S0031-9422(01)00113-310.1016/S0031-9422(01)00113-3Search in Google Scholar

[32] Proteggente, A. R., Rice-Evans, C. A., Wiseman, S., & van de Put, F. H. M. M. (2003). The relationship between the phenolic composition and the antioxidant activity of fruits and vegetables. In C. A. Rice-Evans, & L. Packer (Eds.), Flavonoids in health and disease (2nd ed., pp. 71–95). New York, NY, USA: Marcel Dekker. Search in Google Scholar

[33] Song, J.-H., Yang, T.-C., Chang, K.-W, Han, S.-K., Yi, H.-K., & Jeon, J.-G. (2007). In vitro effects of a fraction separated from Polygonum cuspidatum root on the viability, in suspension and biofilms, and biofilm formation of mutans streptococci. Journal of Ethnopharmacology, 112, 419–425. DOI: 10.1016/j.jep.2007.03.036. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.jep.2007.03.03610.1016/j.jep.2007.03.036Search in Google Scholar PubMed

[34] Stewart, D. (1996). Fourier-transform infrared microspectroscopy of plant tissues. Applied Spectroscopy, 50, 357–365. DOI: 10.1366/0003702963906384. http://dx.doi.org/10.1366/000370296390638410.1366/0003702963906384Search in Google Scholar

[35] Thaipong, K., Boonprakob, U., Crosby, K., Cisneros-Zevallos, L., & Byrne, D. H. (2006). Comparison of ABTS, DPPH, FRAP, and ORAC assays for estimating antioxidant activity from guava fruit extracts. Journal of Food Composition and Analysis, 19, 669–675. DOI: 10.1016/j.jfca.2006.01.003. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.jfca.2006.01.00310.1016/j.jfca.2006.01.003Search in Google Scholar

[36] Vastano, B.C., Chen, Y., Zhu, N., Ho, C.-T., Zhou, Z., & Rosen, R. T. (2000). Isolation and identification of stilbenes in two varieties of Polygonum cuspidatum. Journal of Agricultural and Food Chemistry, 48, 253–256. DOI: 10.1021/jf9909196. http://dx.doi.org/10.1021/jf990919610.1021/jf9909196Search in Google Scholar PubMed

[37] Vogel, J. (2008). Unique aspects of the grass cell wall. Current Opinion in Plant Biology, 11, 301–307. DOI: 10.1016/j.pbi.2008.03.002. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.pbi.2008.03.00210.1016/j.pbi.2008.03.002Search in Google Scholar PubMed

[38] Vrchotová, N., Šerá, B., & Tříska, J. (2007). The stilbene and catechin content of the spring sprout of Reynoutria species. Acta Chromatographica, 2007, 21–28. Search in Google Scholar

[39] Vrchotová, N., Šerá, B., Tříska, J., Dadáková, E., & Kužel, S. (2004). Phenolic compounds in the leaves of Reynoutria Houtt. genus. In A. Hoikkala, O. Soidinsalo, & K. I. Wähälä (Eds.), Proceedings of the 22nd International Conference on Polyphenols: Polyphenols Communications, 24–28 August 2004 (pp. 811–812). Helsinki, Finland. Search in Google Scholar

[40] Weidner, S., Amarowicz, R., Karamać, M., & Dąbrowski, G. (1999). Phenolic acids in caryopses of two cultivars of wheat, rye and triticale that display different resistance to preharvest sprouting. European Food Research and Technology, 210, 109–113. DOI: 10.1007/s002170050544. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s00217005054410.1007/s002170050544Search in Google Scholar

[41] Wong, C.-C., Li, H.-B., Cheng, K.-W, & Chen, F. (2006). A systematic survey of antioxidant activity of 30 Chinese medicinal plants using the ferric reducing antioxidant power assay. Food Chemistry, 97, 705–711. DOI: 10.1016/j.foodchem.2005.05.049. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.foodchem.2005.05.04910.1016/j.foodchem.2005.05.049Search in Google Scholar

[42] Xiao, K., Xuan, L., Xu, Y., & Bai, D. (2000). Stilbene glycoside sulfates from Polygonum cuspidatum. Journal of Natural Products, 63, 1373–1376. DOI: 10.1021/np000086+. http://dx.doi.org/10.1021/np000086+10.1021/np000086+Search in Google Scholar PubMed

[43] Yang, J., Zhou, D., & Liang, Z. (2009). A new polysaccharide from leaf of Ginkgo biloba L. Fitoterapia, 80, 43–47. DOI: 10.1016/j.fitote.2008.09.012. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.fitote.2008.09.01210.1016/j.fitote.2008.09.012Search in Google Scholar PubMed

[44] Yu, Z. H., Jin, C., Xin, M., & He, J. (2009). Effect of Aloe vera polysaccharides on immunity and antioxidant activities in oral ulcer animal models. Carbohydrate Polymers, 75, 307–311. DOI: 10.1016/j.carbpol.2008.07.029. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.carbpol.2008.07.02910.1016/j.carbpol.2008.07.029Search in Google Scholar

[45] Yuan, J.-F., Zhang, Z.-Q., Fan, Z.-C., & Yang, J.-X. (2008). Antioxidant effects and cytotoxicity of three purified polysaccharides from Ligusticum chuanxiong Hort. Carbohydrate Polymers, 74, 822–827. DOI: 10.1016/j.carbpol.2008.04.040. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.carbpol.2008.04.04010.1016/j.carbpol.2008.04.040Search in Google Scholar

[46] Zhang, X., Thuong, P. T., Jin, W., Su, N. D., Sok, D. E., Bae, K., & Kang, S. S. (2005). Antioxidant activity of anthraquinones and flavonoids from flower of Reynoutria sachalinensis. Archives of Pharmaceutical Research, 28, 22–27. DOI: 10.1007/BF02975130. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF0297513010.1007/BF02975130Search in Google Scholar PubMed

[47] Zhou, Z., Miwa, M., Nara, K., Wu, B., Nakaya, H., Lian, C., Miyashita, N., Oishi, R., Maruta, E., & Hogetsu, T. (2003). Patch establishment and development of a clonal plant, Polygonum cuspidatum, on Mount Fuji. Molecular Ecology, 12, 1361–1373. DOI: 10.1046/j.1365-294X.2003.01816.x. http://dx.doi.org/10.1046/j.1365-294X.2003.01816.x10.1046/j.1365-294X.2003.01816.xSearch in Google Scholar

Published Online: 2010-8-14
Published in Print: 2010-10-1

© 2010 Institute of Chemistry, Slovak Academy of Sciences

Downloaded on 1.5.2024 from https://www.degruyter.com/document/doi/10.2478/s11696-010-0054-2/html
Scroll to top button