Abstract
Pre-clinical and clinical studies have investigated the role of a dysregulated metabolism in the sustainability of tumor initiation and progression. One of the most familiar metabolic alterations encountered in several types of cancers is the upregulation of glycolysis, which is also maintained in conditions of normal oxygen tension (aerobic glycolysis, Warburg effect) while oxidative phosphorylation is apparently reduced. As a result, cancer cells convert most incoming glucose to lactate. Although more rapid, adenosine triphosphate (ATP) production by glycolysis is less efficient in terms of ATP generated per unit of glucose consumed than oxidative phosphorylation. The consequence is that tumor cells require an abnormally higher rate of glucose compared to the normal counterpart. New evidence shows that other metabolic substrates such as glutamine may also have an important role in cancer metabolism. Ketogenic diet (KD) replaces all but non-starchy vegetable carbohydrates with low to moderate amounts of proteins and high amounts of monounsaturated and polyunsaturated fats. The rationale of KD is valid both because it lowers carbohydrate uptake possibly leading to cancer cell starvation and apoptosis and, at the same time, increases the levels of ketone bodies available for energy production in normal cells but not in cancer cells which have an allegedly downregulated oxidative phosphorylation. For this reason, several authors speculate on the possibility to evaluate KD as a novel approach in the treatment of cancer. In this review we will assess the data supporting the use of such alimentary regimen and its impact on tumor development and progression.
Keywords: Cancer, ketogenic diet, low-carbohydrate diet, carbohydrate restricted, aerobic glycolysis, calorie restriction.
Current Medicinal Chemistry
Title:Ketogenic Diet and Other Dietary Intervention Strategies in the Treatment of Cancer
Volume: 24 Issue: 12
Author(s): Matteo Vergati, Eriseld Krasniqi, Girolamo D. Monte, Silvia Riondino, Doriana Vallone, Fiorella Guadagni, Patrizia Ferroni*Mario Roselli
Affiliation:
- San Raffaele Roma Open University, IRCCS San Raffaele Pisana, Via di Val Cannuta 247, 00166, Rome,Italy
Keywords: Cancer, ketogenic diet, low-carbohydrate diet, carbohydrate restricted, aerobic glycolysis, calorie restriction.
Abstract: Pre-clinical and clinical studies have investigated the role of a dysregulated metabolism in the sustainability of tumor initiation and progression. One of the most familiar metabolic alterations encountered in several types of cancers is the upregulation of glycolysis, which is also maintained in conditions of normal oxygen tension (aerobic glycolysis, Warburg effect) while oxidative phosphorylation is apparently reduced. As a result, cancer cells convert most incoming glucose to lactate. Although more rapid, adenosine triphosphate (ATP) production by glycolysis is less efficient in terms of ATP generated per unit of glucose consumed than oxidative phosphorylation. The consequence is that tumor cells require an abnormally higher rate of glucose compared to the normal counterpart. New evidence shows that other metabolic substrates such as glutamine may also have an important role in cancer metabolism. Ketogenic diet (KD) replaces all but non-starchy vegetable carbohydrates with low to moderate amounts of proteins and high amounts of monounsaturated and polyunsaturated fats. The rationale of KD is valid both because it lowers carbohydrate uptake possibly leading to cancer cell starvation and apoptosis and, at the same time, increases the levels of ketone bodies available for energy production in normal cells but not in cancer cells which have an allegedly downregulated oxidative phosphorylation. For this reason, several authors speculate on the possibility to evaluate KD as a novel approach in the treatment of cancer. In this review we will assess the data supporting the use of such alimentary regimen and its impact on tumor development and progression.
Export Options
About this article
Cite this article as:
Vergati Matteo, Krasniqi Eriseld, Monte D. Girolamo, Riondino Silvia, Vallone Doriana, Guadagni Fiorella, Ferroni Patrizia*, Roselli Mario, Ketogenic Diet and Other Dietary Intervention Strategies in the Treatment of Cancer, Current Medicinal Chemistry 2017; 24 (12) . https://dx.doi.org/10.2174/0929867324666170116122915
DOI https://dx.doi.org/10.2174/0929867324666170116122915 |
Print ISSN 0929-8673 |
Publisher Name Bentham Science Publisher |
Online ISSN 1875-533X |
Call for Papers in Thematic Issues
Advances in Medicinal Chemistry: From Cancer to Chronic Diseases.
The broad spectrum of the issue will provide a comprehensive overview of emerging trends, novel therapeutic interventions, and translational insights that impact modern medicine. The primary focus will be diseases of global concern, including cancer, chronic pain, metabolic disorders, and autoimmune conditions, providing a broad overview of the advancements in ...read more
Approaches to the treatment of chronic inflammation
Chronic inflammation is a hallmark of numerous diseases, significantly impacting global health. Although chronic inflammation is a hot topic, not much has been written about approaches to its treatment. This thematic issue aims to showcase the latest advancements in chronic inflammation treatment and foster discussion on future directions in this ...read more
Cellular and Molecular Mechanisms of Non-Infectious Inflammatory Diseases: Focus on Clinical Implications
The Special Issue covers the results of the studies on cellular and molecular mechanisms of non-infectious inflammatory diseases, in particular, autoimmune rheumatic diseases, atherosclerotic cardiovascular disease and other age-related disorders such as type II diabetes, cancer, neurodegenerative disorders, etc. Review and research articles as well as methodology papers that summarize ...read more
Chalcogen-modified nucleic acid analogues
Chalcogen-modified nucleosides, nucleotides and oligonucleotides have been of great interest to scientific research for many years. The replacement of oxygen in the nucleobase, sugar or phosphate backbone by chalcogen atoms (sulfur, selenium, tellurium) gives these biomolecules unique properties resulting from their altered physical and chemical properties. The continuing interest in ...read more
- Author Guidelines
- Graphical Abstracts
- Fabricating and Stating False Information
- Research Misconduct
- Post Publication Discussions and Corrections
- Publishing Ethics and Rectitude
- Increase Visibility of Your Article
- Archiving Policies
- Peer Review Workflow
- Order Your Article Before Print
- Promote Your Article
- Manuscript Transfer Facility
- Editorial Policies
- Allegations from Whistleblowers
- Announcements
Related Articles
-
Astrocyte Signaling and Multiple Sclerosis
Current Signal Transduction Therapy Poly (ADP-Ribosyl) Polymerase 1 Inhibitors: A Patent Review
Recent Patents on Anti-Cancer Drug Discovery Escape, or Vanish: Control the Fate of p53 through MDM2-Mediated Ubiquitination
Anti-Cancer Agents in Medicinal Chemistry Role of TGF- β in the Tumor Stroma
Current Cancer Drug Targets Nanomedicine as a Strategy for Natural Compound Delivery to Prevent and Treat Cancers
Current Pharmaceutical Design Evaluation of the in vivo Safety Profiles of Rictor Inhibition Using a Zebrafish Model
Current Pharmaceutical Design Blood-Brain Barrier and Breast Cancer Resistance Protein: A Limit to the Therapy of CNS Tumors and Neurodegenerative Diseases
Anti-Cancer Agents in Medicinal Chemistry Exploration of Chemical Space Based on 4-Anilinoquinazoline
Current Medicinal Chemistry Copper Chelation Chemistry and its Role in Copper Radiopharmaceuticals
Current Pharmaceutical Design New Functions of the Inositol Polyphosphate 5-Phosphatases in Cancer
Current Pharmaceutical Design In Vivo Cellular Imaging for Translational Medical Research
Current Medical Imaging Emerging RNA-based Drugs: siRNAs, microRNAs and Derivates
Central Nervous System Agents in Medicinal Chemistry Cancer Vaccines: Emphasis on Pediatric Cancers
Current Pharmaceutical Design Role of Protein Tyrosine Phosphatase in Regulation of Cell Signaling Cascades Affecting Tumor Cell Growth: A Future Perspective as Anti-Cancer Drug Target
Current Pharmaceutical Biotechnology Cancer and Stem Cells
Current Cancer Therapy Reviews In Vitro Evidence for Competitive TSPO Binding of the Imaging Biomarker Candidates Vinpocetine and Two Iodinated DAA1106 Analogues in Post Mortem Autoradiography Experiments on Whole Hemisphere Human Brain Slices
Current Radiopharmaceuticals Aptamers: Potential Applications to Pancreatic Cancer Therapy
Anti-Cancer Agents in Medicinal Chemistry Metallodrugs in Targeted Cancer Therapeutics: Aiming at Chemoresistance- related Patterns and Immunosuppressive Tumor Networks
Current Medicinal Chemistry Biological Activities, Mechanisms of Action and Biomedical Prospect of the Antitumor Ether Phospholipid ET-18-OCH3 (Edelfosine), A Proapoptotic Agent in Tumor Cells
Current Drug Metabolism Potential Role of <i>In Vitro-In Vivo</i> Correlations (IVIVC) for the Development of Plant-Derived Anticancer Drugs
Current Drug Targets