초록

기존 조직 변화단계 연구들에서는 변화 과정에서의 위기감(sense of urgency) 형성은 조직원들의 변화 수용도(readiness)를 증가시키고, 저항을 감소시키게 하는 중요한 요인이라 하였다. 그러나 위기감의 중요성이 기존 연구들에 의하여 널리 인식된 것에 반하여, 관련연구는 매우 취약하며, 있다 할지라도 조직 내적 혹은 외적인 위기(crisis)가 존재한다는 것을 가정하고 있다. 따라서 본 연구에서는 “가시적인 위기가 없이 꾸준한 성과를 나타내고 있는 조직에서 성공적인 변화를 하기 위한 조건인 위기감을 어떠한 과정을 통하여 형성하는가?”라는 질문을 던졌다. 즉, 조직 변화 과정에서 조직 구성원들의 위기감 상승을 유발하기 위한 최고 경영자의 행위는 무엇이 있으며, 이에 따른 구성원들의 반응은 어떻게 나타나는가를 파악하고자 하였다. 본 논문에서는 전향적 변화(proactive change)에서의 위기감 형성 과정을 연구하고자, 타이어 산업 내에 있는 선발 기업의 변화과정을 심층적으로 분석하였다. 분석 결과 전향적 변화에서의 위기감 형성은 최고 경영자의 조직 수준 목표치(aspiration level)인 조직 목표 제시와 이를 전달하는 과정인 인비전닝(envisioning) 그리고 자원투자 패턴, 절차처리 패턴의 변화가 조직구성원들의 목표치 및 인지 맵(cognitive map)의 변화를 유발하며 이것이 결국 위기감을 형성하게 된다는 결론을 도출하였다.

키워드

전향적 변화, 위기감, 목표치, 인비전닝, 조직 관성, 자원투자 패턴, 절차처리 패턴, 인지맵

참고문헌(59)open

  1. [학위논문] 김경은 / 2007 / 전향적 변화의 조건으로서의 위기감 형성

  2. [단행본] 김언수 / 2001 / 움직이는 전략 / 세영사

  3. [단행본] 김인수 / 1997 / 개정판 거시조직이론 / 무역 경영사

  4. [학술지] 장해미 / 2006 / 조직변화 단계 진단 척도 개발 / 한국심리학회지: 산업 및 조직 19 (1) : 1 ~ 24

  5. [학술지] Armenakis, A. A. / 1999 / Organizational Change: A Review of Theory and Research in the 1990s / Journal of Management 25 : 293 ~ 315

  6. [학술지] Bartunek, J. M. / 1984 / Changing interpretive schemes and organizational restructuring: The example of a religious order / Administrative Science Quarterly 29 : 355 ~ 372

  7. [학술지] Barr, P. S. / 1992 / Cognitive Change, Strategic Action, and Organizational Renewal / Strategic Management Journal : 15 ~ 36

  8. [학술지] Beer, M. / 1990 / Why Change Programs Don't Produce Change / Harvard Business Review : 158 ~ 165

  9. [학술지] Boeker, W. / 1989 / Strategic Change: The Effects of Founding and History / Academy of Management Journal 32 : 489 ~ 515

  10. [학술지] Bolton, M. K. / 1993 / Organizational innovation and substandard performance: When is necessity the mother of innovation? / Organization Science 4 : 57 ~ 75

  11. [단행본] Cyert, R. M. / 1963 / A Behavioral Theory of the Firm / Prentice-Hall

  12. [학술지] Dutton, J. E. / 1987 / The Influence of the Strategic Planning Process on Strategic Change / Strategic Management Journal 8 : 103 ~ 116

  13. [학술지] Dutton, J. E. / 2001 / Moves that Matter: Issue Selling and Organizational Change / Academy of Management Journal 44 : 716 ~ 736

  14. [학술지] Edmondson, A. C. / 2007 / Methodological Fit in Management Field Research / Academy of Management Review

  15. [학술지] Eisenhardt, K. M. / 2007 / Theory Building from Cases: Opportunities and Challenges / Academy of Management Journal 50 : 25 ~ 32

  16. [학술지] Feldman, M. S. / 2003 / Reconceptualizing Organizational Routines as a Source of Flexibility and Change / Administrative Science Quarterly 48 : 94 ~ 118

  17. [학술지] Ford, J. D. / 1985 / The Effects of Causal Attributions on Decision Makers' Responses to Performance Downturns / Academy of Management Review 10 : 770 ~ 786

  18. [단행본] Foster, R. / 2001 / Creative Destruction: Why Companies That Are Built to Last Underperform the Market and How Successfully Transform Them / Financial Times Prentice Hall

  19. [단행본] Galpin, T. / 1996 / The Human Side of Change: A Practical Guide to Organization Redesign / Jossey-Bass

  20. [학술지] Gavetti, G. / 2000 / Looking Forward and Looking Backward: Cognitive and Experiential Search / Administrative Science Quarterly 45 : 113 ~ 137

  21. [학술지] Gilbert, C. G. / 2005 / Unbundling the Structure of Inertia: Resource versus Routine Rigidity / Academy of Management Journal 48 : 741 ~ 763

  22. [학술지] Gioia, D. A. / 1991 / Sensemaking and Sensegiving in Strategic Change Initiation / Strategic Management Journal 12 : 433 ~ 448

  23. [학술지] Greve, H. R. / 1998 / Performance, Aspirations, and Risky Organizational Change / Administrative Science Quarterly 43 : 58 ~ 86

  24. [학술지] Hannan, M. / 1977 / The Population Ecology of Organizations / American Journal of Sociology 82 : 929 ~ 964

  25. [학술지] Hannan, M. / 1984 / Structural Inertia and Organizational Change / American Sociological Review 49 : 149 ~ 164

  26. [학술지] Henderson, R. / 1993 / Under-Investment and Incompetence as Responses to Radical Innovation: Evidence from the Photolithographic Alignment Equipment Industry / Rand Journal of Economics 24 : 248 ~ 270

  27. [단행본] Hermann, C. F. / 1969 / International Crisis as a Situational Variable, in: International Politics and Foreign Policy / The Free Press

  28. [단행본] Huff, A. S. / 1990 / Mapping strategic thought / Wiley&Sons

  29. [학술지] Jackson, S. E. / 1988 / Discerning Threats and Opportunities / Administrative Science Quarterly 33 : 370 ~ 387

  30. [단행본] Judson, A. / 1991 / Change Behavior in Organizations: Minimizing Resistance to Change / Basil Blackwell

  31. [학술지] Kahneman, D. / 1979 / Prospect Theory: An Analysis of Decision under Risk / Econometrica 47 : 263 ~ 292

  32. [학술지] Kotter, J. P. / 1996 / Leading Change: Why Transformation Efforts Fail / Harvard Business Review 73 : 59 ~ 67

  33. [단행본] Kotter, J. P. / 2008 / A Sense of Urgency / Harvard Business School Press

  34. [단행본] Kotter, J. P. / 2002 / The Heart of Change / Harvard Business School Press

  35. [학술지] Lant, T. K. / 1992 / The Role of Managerial Learning and Interpretation in Strategic Reorientation / Strategic Management Journal 13 : 585 ~ 608

  36. [학술지] Lenz, R. T. / 1986 / Environmental analysis: The applicability of current theory / Strategic Management Journal 7 : 329 ~ 346

  37. [학술지] Leonard-Barton, D. / 1992 / Core Capabilities and Core Rigidities: A Paradox in Managing New Product Development / Strategic Management Journal 13 : 111 ~ 125

  38. [학술지] Lewin, K. / 1947 / Frontiers in Group Dynamics / Human Relations 1 : 5 ~ 41

  39. [단행본] Lewin, K. / 1953 / Studies in Group Decision, In: Group Dynamics, Row / Peterson

  40. [학술지] Libby, R. / 1977 / Behavioral Models of Risk Taking in Business Decisions: A Survey and Evaluation / Journal of Accounting Research 15 : 272 ~ 292

  41. [단행본] March, J. G. / 1958 / Organizations / Wiley

  42. [학술지] March, J. G. / 1988 / Variable Risk Preferences and Adaptive Aspirations / Journal of Economic Behavior and organizations 9 : 5 ~ 24

  43. [학술지] March, J. G. / 1992 / Variable Risk Preferences and the Focus of Attention / Psychological Review 99 : 172 ~ 183

  44. [학술지] Miller, D. / 1994 / Sources and Consequences of Competitive Inertia: A Study of the U.S. Airline Industry / Administrative Science Quarterly 39 : 1 ~ 23

  45. [학술지] Mintzberg, H. / 1982 / Tracking Strategy in an Entrepreneurial Firm / Academy of Management Journal 25 : 465 ~ 499

  46. [단행본] Murray, E. J. / 2002 / Fast forward: Organizational change in 100 days / Oxford University Press

  47. [학술지] Noda, T. / 1996 / Strategic Naking as Iterated Processes of Resource Allocation / Strategic Management Journal 17 : 169 ~ 192

  48. [학술지] Oster, S. / 1982 / Intraindustry Structure and the Ease of Strategic Change / Review of Economics & Statistics 64 : 376 ~ 384

  49. [학술지] Pearson, A. E. / 1989 / Six basics for general managers / Harvard Business Review 67 : 94 ~ 101

  50. [학술지] Poole, M. S. / 1989 / Using Paradox to Build Management and Organization Theories / Academy of Management Review 14 : 562 ~ 578

  51. [학술지] Rajagopalan, N. / 1997 / Toward a Theory of Strategic Change: A Multi-lens Perspective and Integrative Framework / Academy of Management Review 22 : 48 ~ 79

  52. [단행본] Robinson, J. / 1972 / Crisis: an appraisal of concepts and theories, in: International Crises: Insights from Behavioral Research / Free Press

  53. [학술지] Romanelli, E. / 1994 / Organization Transformation as Punctuated Equilibrium / Academy of Management Journal 37 : 1141 ~ 1166

  54. [학술지] Sitkin, S. B. / 1992 / Reconceptualizing the Determinants of Risk Behavior / Academy of Management Review 17 : 9 ~ 38

  55. [학술지] Stinchcombe, A. L. / 1965 / Jamaican Leaders: Political Attitudes in a New Nation / American Sociological Review 30 : 795 ~ 796

  56. [학술지] Thompson, H. E. / 1992 / Technology, Dependent Investments, and Discounting Rules for Corporate Investment Decisions / Managerial and Decision Economics 13 : 101 ~ 109

  57. [단행본] Tichy, N. M. / 1993 / Control Your Destiny or Someone else Will / Double Day

  58. [학술지] Winch, G. / 1999 / Dynamic Visioning for Dynamic Environments / Journal of the Operational Research Society 50 : 354 ~ 361

  59. [단행본] Yin, R. K. / 1984 / Case Study Research / Sage Publication