Skip to main content
Log in

Equilibrium atomic conformation of Pt2Ru3 nanoparticles under gas atmosphere of CO/H2 investigated by density functional theory and Monte Carlo simulation

  • Research Letter
  • Published:
MRS Communications Aims and scope Submit manuscript

Abstract

We have investigated the equilibrium conformation of Pt2Ru3 nanoparticles in the presence of H2 and CO mixture gas using density functional theory (DFT) and Monte Carlo (MC) simulation. A multiple linear regression equation was prepared using DFT results to calculate adsorption energy from the structural descriptors. Using the regression equation, MC simulations were employed to elucidate the equilibrated conformation of Pt2Ru3 particles at a finite temperature of H2/CO where CO concentration in the range 100-500 ppm. MC results indicate that CO/H2 coadsorption induced the rearrangement of alloying atoms and Pt/Ru ratio exposed to the surface decreases with the increase of CO concentration.

This is a preview of subscription content, log in via an institution to check access.

Access this article

Price excludes VAT (USA)
Tax calculation will be finalised during checkout.

Instant access to the full article PDF.

Table I
Table II
Figure 1
Table III
Figure 2
Figure 3
Figure 4
Figure 5

Similar content being viewed by others

References

  1. M. Götz and H. Wendt: Binary and ternary anode catalyst formulations including elements W, Sn and Mo for PEMFs operated on methanol and reformate. Electrochim. Acta 43, 3637 (1998).

    Article  Google Scholar 

  2. R.A. Lemons: Fuel cells for transportation. J. Power Sources 29, 251 (1990).

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  3. J.K. Nørskov, T. Bligaard, A. Logadottir, S. Bahn, L.B. Hansen, M. Bollinger, H. Bengaard, B. Hammer, Z. Sljivancanin, and M. Mavrikakis: Universality in heterogeneous catalysis. J. Catal. 209, 275 (2002).

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  4. F.R. Lucci, M.T. Darby, F.G.M.F.G. Mattera, C.J. Ivimey, A.J. Therrien, A. Michaelides, M. Stamatakis, and E.C.H. Sykes: Controlling hydrogen activation, spillover, and desorption with Pd-Au single-atom alloys. J. Phys. Chem. Lett. 7, 480 (2016).

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  5. H.A. Gasteiger, N.M. Markovic Jr., P.N. Ross, and E.J. Cairns: Carbon monoxide electro-oxidation on well-characterized platinum-ruthenium alloys. J. Phys. Chem. 98, 617 (1994).

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  6. D. R. Rolison, P.L. Hagans, K.E. Swider, and J.W. Long: Role of hydrous ruthenium oxide in Pt - Ru direct methanol fuel cell anode electro-catalysts: the importance of mixed electron/proton conductivity. Langmuir 15, 774 (1999).

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  7. Q. Ge, S. Desai, M. Neurock, and K. Kourtakis: CO Adsorption on Pt-Ru surface alloys and on the surface of Pt-Ru bulk alloy. J. Phys. Chem. B 105, 9533 (2001).

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  8. G.A. Somorjai and Y.G. Borodko: Research in nanosciences-Great opportunity for catalysis science. Catal. Lett. 76, 1 (2001).

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  9. J.H. Sinfelt: Catalysis by alloys and bimetallic cluster. Acc. Chem. Res. 10, 15 (1977).

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  10. J.H. Sinfelt: Structure of metal catalysts, Rev. Mod. Phys. 51, 569 (1979).

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  11. C.T. Campbell: Bimetallic surface chemistry. Annu. Rev. Phys. Chem. 41, 775 (1990).

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  12. X.Q. Gong, Z.P. Liu, R. Raval, and P. Hu: A systematic study of CO oxidation on metals and metal oxides: density functional theory calculations. J. Am. Chem. Soc. 126, 8 (2004).

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  13. C.T. Campbell, G. Ertl, H. Kuipers, and J. Segner: A molecular beam study of the catalytic oxidation of CO on a Pt (111) surface. J. Chem. Phys. 73, 5862 (1980).

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  14. M. Xu, J. Liu, and F. Zaera: Kinetic evidence for the dependence of surface reaction rates on the distribution of reactants on the surface. J. Chem. Phys. 104, 8825 (1996).

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  15. J. Narayanasamy and A.B. Anderson: Mechanism for the electro-oxidation of carbon monoxide on platinum by H2O. Density functional theory calculation. J. Electroanal. Chem. 35, 554 (2003).

    Google Scholar 

  16. F.B. de Mongeot, M. Scherer, B. Gleich, E. Kopatzki, and R.J. Behm: CO adsorption and oxidation on bimetallic Pt/Ru(0001) surfaces- a combined STM and TPD/TPR study. Surf. Sci. 411, 249 (1998).

    Article  Google Scholar 

  17. T. Yajima, H. Uchida, and M. Watanabe: In situ ATR-FTIR spectroscopic study of electro-oxidation of methanol and adsorbed co at Pt_Ru alloy. J. Phys. Chem. B 108, 2654 (2004).

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  18. M.T.M. Koper, and T.E. Shubina, and R.A. van Santen: Periodic density functional study of CO and OH adsorption on Pt-Ru alloy surfaces: implications for CO tolerant fuel cell catalysts. J. Phys. Chem. B 106, 686 (2002).

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  19. X.-Q. Gong, P. Hu, and R. Raval: The catalytic role of water in CO oxidation. J. Chem. Phys. 119, 6324 (2003).

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  20. B. Dunietz, N.M. Markovic, P.N. Ross, and M. Head-Gordon: Initiation of electro-oxidation of CO on Pt based electrodes at full coverage conditions simulated by Ab initio electronic structure calculations. J. Chem. Phys. 108, 9888 (2004).

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  21. Y. Shimodaira, T. Tanaka, T. Miura, A. Kudo, and H. Kobayashi: Density functional theory study of anode reactions on Pt-based alloy electrodes. J. Phys. Chem. C 111, 272 (2007).

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  22. M.T.M. Koper and R.A. van Santen: Interaction of H, O and OH with metal surfaces. J. Electroanal. Chem. 472, 126 (1999).

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  23. A.M. Levendorf, D.J. Chen, C.L. Rom, Y. Liu, and Y.Y.J. Tong: Electrochemical and in situ ATR-SEIRAS investigations of methanol and CO electrooxidation on PVP-free cubic and octahedral/tetrahedral Pt nanoparticles. RSC Adv. 4, 21284 (2014).

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  24. T. Sato, K. Kunimatsu, K. Okaya, H. Yano, M. Watanabe, and H. Uchida: In situ ATR-FTIR analysis of the CO-tolerance mechanism on Pt2Ru3/C catalysts prepared by the nanocapsule method. Energy Environ. Sci. 4, 433 (2011).

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  25. T. Sato, K. Okaya, K. Kunimatsu, H. Yano, M. Watanabe, and H. Uchida: Effect of particle size and composition on CO-tolerance at Pt-Ru/C catalysts analyzed by in situ attenuated total reflection FTIR spectroscopy. ACS Catal. 2, 450 (2012).

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  26. B.C. Han and G. Ceder: Effect of coadsorption and Ru alloying on the adsorption of CO on Pt. Phys. Rev. B 74, 205418 (2005).

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  27. Md.A. Khorshed, S. Saito, and H. Takaba: Density functional theory study on the adsorption of H, OH, and CO and coadsorption of CO with H/OH on the Pt2Ru3 surfaces. J. Mater. Res. 31, 2617 (2016).

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  28. Md.A. Khorshed, S. Saito, and H. Takaba: Modeling of equilibrium conformation of Pt2Ru3 nanoparticles using the density functional theory and Monte Carlo simulations. J. Mater. Res. 32, 1573 (2017).

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  29. C.W. Hills, M.S. Nashner, A.I. Frenkel, J.R. Shapley, and R.G. Nuzzo: Carbon support effects on bimetallic Pt-Ru nanoparticles formed from molecular precursors. Langmuir 15, 690 (1999).

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  30. M.S. Nashner, A.I. Frenkel, D.L. Adler, J.R. Shapley, and R.G. Nuzzo: Structural characterization of carbon-supported platinum-ruthenium nanoparticles from the molecular cluster precursor PtRu5C(CO)16. J. Am. Chem. Soc. 119, 7760 (1997).

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  31. K. Yuge: Segregation of Pt28Rh27 bimetallic nanoparticles: a first-principles study. J. Phys.: Condens. Matter. 22, 245401 (2010).

    Google Scholar 

  32. S. Alayoglu, P. Zavalij, B. Eichhorn, O. Wang, A.I. Frenkel, and P. Chupas: Structural and architectural evaluation of bimetallic nanoparticles: a case study of Pt-Ru core-shell and alloy nanoparticles. ACS Nano 3, 3127 (2009).

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  33. M.T.M. Koper, A.P.J. Jansen, R.A. van Santen, J.J. Lukkien, and P.A.J. Hilbers: Monte Carlo simulations of a simple model for the electrocatalytic CO oxidation on platinum. J. Chem. Phys. 109, 6051 (1998).

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  34. B. Andreaus and M. Eikerling: Active site model for CO adlayer electrooxidation on nanoparticle catalysts. J. Electroanal. Chem. 607, 121 (2007).

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  35. C. Saravanan, N.M. Markovic, M. Head-Gordon, and P.N. Ross: Stripping and bulk CO electro-oxidation at the Pt-electrode interface: dynamic Monte Carlo simulations. J. Chem. Phys. 114, 6404 (2001).

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  36. F. Maillard, G.-Q. Lu, A. Wieckowski, and U. Stimming: Ru decorated Pt surfaces as model fuel cell electrocatalyst for CO electro-oxidation. J. Phys.Chem. B 109, 16230 (2005).

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  37. B. Andreaus, F. Maillard, J. Kocylo, E.R. Savinova, and M. Eikerling: Kinetic modeling of COad monolayer oxidation on carbon-supported platinum nanoparticles. J. Phys. Chem. B 110, 21028 (2006).

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  38. A.V. Petukhov: Effect of molecular mobility on kinetics of an electrochemical Langmuir-Hinshelwood reaction. Chem. Phys. Lett. 277, 539 (1997).

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  39. C. Saravanan, M.T.M. Koper, N.M. Markovic, M. Head-Gordon, and P.N. Ross: Modeling base voltammetry and CO electro-oxidation at the Pt (111)-electrolyte interface: Monte Carlo simulations including anion adsorption. Phys. Chem. Chem. Phys. 4, 2660 (2002).

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  40. P.A. Dowben and P.A. Miller (eds): A. Surface Segregation Phenomena. CRC Press: Boca Raton, Florida, 1990.

    Google Scholar 

  41. J.A. Rodriguez: Physical and chemical properties of bimetallic surfaces. Surf. Sci. Rep. 24, 223 (1996).

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  42. M. Polak and L. Rubinovich: The interplay of surface segregation and atomic order in alloys. Surf. Sci. Rep. 38, 127 (2000).

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  43. B.C. Han, A. Van der Ven, G. Ceder, and B.J. Hwang: Surface segregation and ordering of alloy surfaces in the presence of adsorbates. Phys. Rev. B 72, 205409 (2005).

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  44. G. Wang, M.A. Van Hove, and P.N. Ross: Monte Carlo simulations of segregation in Pt-Ni catalyst nanoparticles. J. Chem. Phys. 122, 024706 (2005).

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  45. K. Yuge, A. Seko, A. Kuwabara, F. Oba, and I. Tanaka: First-principles study of bulk ordering and surface segregation in Pt-Rh binary alloys. Phys. Rev. B 74, 174202 (2006).

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  46. B. Delley: An all-electron numerical method for solving the local density functional for polyatomic molecules. J. Chem. Phys. 92, 508 (1990).

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  47. B. Delley: Fast calculation of electrostatics in crystals and large molecules. J. Phys. Chem. 100, 6107 (1996).

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  48. B. Delley: From molecules to solids with the DMol3 approach. J. Chem. Phys. 113, 7756 (2000).

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  49. J.P. Perdew, K. Burke, and M. Ernzerhof: Generalized gradient approximation made simple. Phys. Rev. Lett. 77, 3865 (1996).

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  50. T. Sato, K. Kunimatsu, H. Uchida, and M. Watanabe: Adsorption/oxidation of CO on highly dispersed Pt catalyst studied by combined electrochemical and ATR-FTIRAS methods Part 1. ATR-FTIRAS spectra of CO adsorbed on highly dispersed Pt catalyst on carbon black and carbon un-supported Pt black. Electrochim. Acta 53, 1265 (2007).

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  51. P. Wang, H.S. Chu, Y.Y. Yan, and K.L. Hsueh: Transient evolution of carbon monoxide poisoning effect of PBI membrane fuel cells. J. Power Sources 170, 235 (2007).

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

Download references

Acknowledgment

We gratefully acknowledge the New Energy and Industrial Technology Development Organization (NEDO) for the financial grant.

Author information

Authors and Affiliations

Authors

Corresponding author

Correspondence to Hiromitsu Takaba.

Rights and permissions

Reprints and permissions

About this article

Check for updates. Verify currency and authenticity via CrossMark

Cite this article

Alam, M.K., Takaba, H. Equilibrium atomic conformation of Pt2Ru3 nanoparticles under gas atmosphere of CO/H2 investigated by density functional theory and Monte Carlo simulation. MRS Communications 8, 562–569 (2018). https://doi.org/10.1557/mrc.2018.44

Download citation

  • Received:

  • Accepted:

  • Published:

  • Issue Date:

  • DOI: https://doi.org/10.1557/mrc.2018.44

Navigation