Abstract
Leukemia inhibitory factor (LIF) is a multifunction cytokine that has various effects on different tissues and cell types in rodents and humans; however, its insufficiency has a relatively mild impact. This could explain why only some aspects of LIF activity are in the limelight, whereas other aspects are not well known. In this review, the LIF structure, signaling pathway, and primary roles in the development and function of an organism are reviewed, and the effects of LIF on stem cell growth and differentiation, which are important for its use in cell culturing, are described. The focus is on the roles of LIF in central nervous system development and on the modulation of its physiological functions as well as the involvement of LIF in the pathogenesis of brain diseases and injuries. Finally, LIF and its signaling pathway are discussed as potential targets of therapeutic interventions to influence both negative phenomena and regenerative processes following brain injury.
Acknowledgments
This publication is a result of the project implementation ‘Support of Establishment, Development, and Mobility of Quality Research Teams at the Charles University,’ project number CZ.1.07/2.3.00/30.0022 and CZ.1.07/2.3.00/30.0061, supported by the Education for Competitiveness Operational Programme (ECOP) and cofinanced by the European Social Fund and the state budget of the Czech Republic. It was also supported by the Charles University Research Fund P36 and project CZ.1.05/2.1.00/03.0076 from the European Regional Development.
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