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Licensed Unlicensed Requires Authentication Published by De Gruyter September 15, 2015

A review of different solvents, mass transfer, and hydrodynamics for postcombustion CO2 capture

  • Somayeh Mirzaei

    Somayeh Mirzaei graduated with BSc (2005) and MSc (2009) degrees in Chemical Engineering. She joined the University of Malaya, Malaysia, as a doctoral candidate in 2013. Her research focus includes postcombustion CO2 capture by absorption in packed column. She is interested in the research areas of CO2 capture, separation process, and process simulation.

    , Ahmad Shamiri

    Ahmad Shamiri is an assistant professor at the Chemical & Petroleum Engineering Department, Faculty of Engineering, Technology & Built Environment, UCSI University. He has more than 10 years of working experience in the gas and petrochemical industry. He is a Chartered Engineer registered with the Engineering Councils, UK. His research interests include process modeling and control, CO2 capture, olefin polymerization, and oil, gas, and petrochemical industry. He has published more than 25 papers in ISI-ranked journals.

    and Mohamed Kheireddine Aroua

    Mohamed Kheireddine Aroua is a Senior Professor at the Chemical Engineering Department and the Deputy Dean at the Institute of Graduate Studies, University of Malaya, Malaysia. He is also heading the Center for Separation Science and Technology. His research interests include CO2 capture, membrane processes, electrochemical processes using activated carbon, biodiesel production, and conversion of bioglycerol to value-added chemicals. He has published more than 120 papers in ISI-ranked journals with more than 2500 citations. His h-index is 26.

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Abstract

There is a growing environmental concern regarding carbon dioxide (CO2) emissions from human activities that result in global warming or climate change. To tackle this potential problem, it is crucial to develop CO2 capture technologies. This paper reviews the current status of postcombustion carbon capture by absorption in packed column using different solvents. The major concerns with the selection of absorbent, such as absorption rate, CO2 absorption capacity, CO2 solubility, environmental cost, and toxicity, are discussed. The hydrodynamics and mass-transfer performance of CO2 absorption in a packed column are reviewed. The determinant factors of CO2 absorption, including effective interfacial area and mass-transfer coefficients in different contactors, are discussed. Liquid holdup and pressure-drop models are investigated.


Corresponding author: Mohamed Kheireddine Aroua, Faculty of Engineering, Chemical Engineering Department, University Malaya, 50603 Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia, e-mail:

About the authors

Somayeh Mirzaei

Somayeh Mirzaei graduated with BSc (2005) and MSc (2009) degrees in Chemical Engineering. She joined the University of Malaya, Malaysia, as a doctoral candidate in 2013. Her research focus includes postcombustion CO2 capture by absorption in packed column. She is interested in the research areas of CO2 capture, separation process, and process simulation.

Ahmad Shamiri

Ahmad Shamiri is an assistant professor at the Chemical & Petroleum Engineering Department, Faculty of Engineering, Technology & Built Environment, UCSI University. He has more than 10 years of working experience in the gas and petrochemical industry. He is a Chartered Engineer registered with the Engineering Councils, UK. His research interests include process modeling and control, CO2 capture, olefin polymerization, and oil, gas, and petrochemical industry. He has published more than 25 papers in ISI-ranked journals.

Mohamed Kheireddine Aroua

Mohamed Kheireddine Aroua is a Senior Professor at the Chemical Engineering Department and the Deputy Dean at the Institute of Graduate Studies, University of Malaya, Malaysia. He is also heading the Center for Separation Science and Technology. His research interests include CO2 capture, membrane processes, electrochemical processes using activated carbon, biodiesel production, and conversion of bioglycerol to value-added chemicals. He has published more than 120 papers in ISI-ranked journals with more than 2500 citations. His h-index is 26.

9 Nomenclature
ae

effective area of the packing (m-1)

ae,4D

effective area of the 4D packings (m-1)

ae,void

effective area of the IFP empty column (m-1)

ah

wetted surface area per unit volume (m2/m3)

ap

packing surface (m2/m3)

at

total surface area of packing (m2/m3)

aw

wetted surface area of packing (m2/m3)

A

in the liquid phase (mol/mol)

C*

physical solubility of CO2 in the liquid (mol/m3)

CE

correction factor for surface renewal

Ci

molar concentration of component i (kmol/m3)

DA,L

diffusion coefficient of component A in liquid (m2/s)

DCO2

diffusivity of CO2 in the liquid (m2/s)

DG

diffusion coefficient, gas phase (m2/s)

DL

diffusion coefficient, liquid phase (m2/s)

Dp

nominal size of packing (m)

de

equivalent diameter of the channel (m)

dh

hydraulic diameter (m)

dp

packing size (m)

FS

gas F-factor=ρG×VSG(Pa0.5)

f

friction factor

Ft

correction factor for total holdup due to effective wetted area (dimensionless)

FV

gas or vapor capacity factor (Pa)

FrL

Froude number for liquid (UL2/Sg)

g

gravitational constant (m/s2)

geff

effective gravity (m/s2)

H

height (m)

Hd

dynamic liquid holdup in a packed column (m3/m3)

HL

holdup on a tray or in a packed column (m or m3/m3)

Hl

inert gas molar flow rate (kmol/m2 h)

HS

static liquid holdup in a packed column (m3/m3)

ht

total holdup (dimensionless)

j

superficial velocity (m/s)

jL

superficial liquid velocity (m/s)

kg

gas side mass-transfer coefficient (m/s)

kL

liquid side mass-transfer coefficient (m/s)

KG

overall gas side mass-transfer coefficient (mol/Pa/m2/s)

KT

total mass-transfer coefficient (kmol/m2 s K)

K

wall factor

L

length of the microchannel (m)

L

mass flow of the liquid (kg/h)

N

interfacial molar flux (kmol/s)

n

exponent

P

total pressure (kPa)

ΔPT

total pressure drop of gas (kg/m h2)

QL

liquid load (m3/m2/s)

S

side dimension of corrugation (m)

ScG

Schmidt number (μ/ρD)

ShG

Sherwood number (kLdh/DCO2) (dimensionless)

ReG

Reynolds number (dh/μ) (dimensionless)

Ugs

superficial gas velocity (m/s)

ugc

gas velocity based on cross-sectional area of column (m/h)

ULS

superficial liquid velocity (m/s)

ULe

effective liquid velocity (m/s)

USG

superficial gas velocity

UGe

effective gas velocity (m/s)

UL

superficial liquid velocity (m/s)

u

velocity with reference to the free column cross-section (m3/m2)

V

mass flow of the gas or vapor (kg/h)

WeL

Weber number for liquid (UL2ρLSσgc).

yA

mole fraction of component A in the gas bulk (mol/mol)

yA*

gas phase mole fraction of component A in equilibrium with the concentration of component

Z

height of packed bed (m)

ε

void fraction of packed bed

θ

angle with horizontal for falling film or corrugation channel (°)

γ

contact angle between solid and liquid film (°)

ϑ

angle of flow channel from horizontal (°)

σC

critical surface tension of packing material (dynes/cm)

σ

surface tension (dynes/cm or kg/h2)

Greek letters
τ

gas-liquid contact time (s)

ρ

density (kg/m3)

μ

viscosity (Pa s)

ψ

resistance coefficient

η

dynamic viscosity (kg/ms)

υ

kinematic viscosity (m2/s)

ρG

gas density (kg/m3)

μG

gas viscosity (kg/ms)

α

slope of the steepest descent line with respect to the horizontal axis (°)

Subscripts
S-M

Shi-Mersmann

Fl

flooding point

L

liquid

Acknowledgments

This work was carried out under the University of Malaya Center for Separation Science and Technology and was financed by HIR/MOE/ENG59 and UMRG grants no. RP015/2012A and RP015/2012E and Postgraduate Research Grant (PPP) PG046-2013B.

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Received: 2014-9-29
Accepted: 2015-5-13
Published Online: 2015-9-15
Published in Print: 2015-12-1

©2015 by De Gruyter

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