Abstract
Poly (vinyl alcohol) and nano-diamond, PVA/ND, hydrogels were prepared and assessed as prosthetic material suitable for replacement of the nucleus pulposus. The hydrogels were prepared by gamma irradiation at various doses (15 kGy, 25 kGy, 35 kGy, 45 kGy) and at various ND concentrations ranging from 0.25 wt.% to 3 wt.%. Extent of gelation, equilibrium water content, and viscoelastic properties of swelled hydrogels at definite water contents were measured and examined as a function of ND concentration as well as gamma dose. According to viscoelastic measurements, the strength of hydrogels increased considerably over that of pure PVA at a low concentration of ND. By increasing irradiation dose, gel percent and strength of hydrogels increased. Hydrogel water content was in a range of 80 wt.% to 90 wt.% similar to that of natural nucleus pulposus. The G″ values of hydrogels were much smaller than G′ values indicating elastic behavior. Also PVA/ND nanocomposite films were prepared at various ND concentrations by solution casting. The ND particles were uniformly distributed within PVA films. Tensile modulus and strength of the films increased over pure PVA.
References
[1] Xu B, Zheng P, Gao F, Wang W, Zhang H, Zhang X, Feng X, Liu W. Adv. Funct. Mater. 2017, 1604327.10.1002/adfm.201604327Search in Google Scholar
[2] Tummala GK, Joffre T, Rojas R, Persson C, Mihranyan A. Soft Matter 2017, 13, 3936–3945.10.1039/C7SM00677BSearch in Google Scholar PubMed
[3] Morimune S, Kotera M, Nishino T, Goto K, Hata K. Macromolecules 2011, 44, 4415–4421.10.1021/ma200176rSearch in Google Scholar
[4] Maitra U, Prasad KE, Ramamurty U, Rao C. Solid State Commun. 2009, 149, 1693–1697.10.1016/j.ssc.2009.06.017Search in Google Scholar
[5] Zhao Y-Q, Lau K-T, Kim J-k, Xu C-L, Zhao D-D, Li H-L. Composites, Part B 2010, 41, 646–653.10.1016/j.compositesb.2010.09.003Search in Google Scholar
[6] Allen MJ, Schoonmaker JE, Bauer TW, Williams PF, Higham PA, Yuan HA. Spine 2004, 29, 515–523.10.1097/01.BRS.0000113871.67305.38Search in Google Scholar PubMed
[7] Zhang L, Wang Z, Xu C, Li Y, Gao J, Wang W, Liu Y. J. Mater. Chem. 2011, 21, 10399–10406.10.1039/c0jm04043fSearch in Google Scholar
[8] McKeon-Fischer K, Flagg D, Freeman J. J. Biomed. Mater. Res., Part A 2011, 99, 493–499.10.1002/jbm.a.33116Search in Google Scholar PubMed
[9] Gu Y, Ye L. Polym.-Plast. Technol. Eng. 2009, 48, 595–601.10.1080/03602550902824424Search in Google Scholar
[10] Tummala GK, Rojas R, Mihranyan A. J. Phys. Chem. B 2016, 120, 13094–13101.10.1021/acs.jpcb.6b10650Search in Google Scholar PubMed
[11] Kumaraswamy S, Mallaiah SH. Radiat. Eff. Defects Solids 2016, 171, 869–878.10.1080/10420150.2016.1250095Search in Google Scholar
[12] Eghbalifam N, Frounchi M, Dadbin S. Int. J. Biol. Macromol. 2015, 80, 170–176.10.1016/j.ijbiomac.2015.06.042Search in Google Scholar PubMed
[13] Buckwalter JA. Spine 1995, 20, 1307–1314.10.1097/00007632-199506000-00022Search in Google Scholar PubMed
[14] Narita T, Mayumi K, Ducouret G, Hébraud P. Macromolecules 2013, 46, 4174–4183.10.1021/ma400600fSearch in Google Scholar
[15] Parparita E, Cheaburu CN, Vasile C. Cellul. Chem. Technol. 2012, 46, 571–581.Search in Google Scholar
©2018 Walter de Gruyter GmbH, Berlin/Boston
