Abstract
Blends of poly(lactic acid)/polycaprolactone (PLA/PCL) were electrospun under various conditions to study the influence of solution concentration, feed rate and voltage supply on the morphology of the nanofibers. To improve compatibility and to help produce fine electrospun nanofibers, an L-lactide/caprolactone (LACL) copolymer was introduced as a compatibilizer in the PLA/PCL blends. It was found that the solution concentration was a principal governing factor. The mean diameter of the fibers increased with the solution concentration, feed rate and voltage. Too high of a concentration and feed rate caused the fibers to stick to each other. A slow feed rate, 10% solution concentration, and 20 kV voltage were capable of producing thin, smooth and uniform fibers. Preliminary biocompatibility assays of the nanofibers were conducted with NIH 3T3 cells. The cells grown on the nanofiber blend exhibited spindle-like morphologies. The addition of PCL and LACL copolymer was found to improve the biocompatibility of PLA nanofibers, suggesting their potential application as cell culture scaffolds.
Acknowledgments
The authors would like to acknowledge the support from the Wisconsin Institute for Discovery and the China Scholarship Council. The Science and Technology Foundation of Guizhou Province (no. [2015]2006), the Industry Research Project of Guizhou Province (no. [2015]3002), and the Natural Science Research Project of Guizhou Provincial Department of Education (no. [2016]089) are also acknowledged for their financial support.
References
[1] Neto WAR, Pereira IHL, Ayres E, de Paula ACC, Averous L, Goes AM, Orefice RL, Bretas RES. Polym. Degrad. Stabil. 2012, 97, 2037–2051.10.1016/j.polymdegradstab.2012.03.048Search in Google Scholar
[2] Shoichet MS. Macromolecules 2010, 43, 581–591.10.1021/ma901530rSearch in Google Scholar
[3] Sankaran KK, Krishnan UM, Sethuraman S. J. Biomater. Sci. Polym. Ed. 2014, 25, 1791–1812.10.1080/09205063.2014.950505Search in Google Scholar PubMed
[4] Dey J, Xu H, Nguyen KT, Yang JA. J. Biomed. Mater. Res. Part A 2010, 95A, 361–370.10.1002/jbm.a.32846Search in Google Scholar PubMed PubMed Central
[5] Berthiaume F, Maguire TJ, Yarmush ML. Annu. Rev. Chem. Biomol. Eng. 2011, 2, 403–430.10.1146/annurev-chembioeng-061010-114257Search in Google Scholar PubMed
[6] Wang YF, Guo HF, Ying DJ. J. Biomed. Mater. Res. Part B 2013, 101, 1359–1366.10.1002/jbm.b.32953Search in Google Scholar PubMed
[7] Haroosh HJ, Chaudhary DS, Dong Y. J. Appl. Polym. Sci. 2012, 124, 3930–3939.10.1002/app.35448Search in Google Scholar
[8] Dhandayuthapani B, Yoshida Y, Maekawa T, Kumar DS. Int. J. Polym. Sci. 2011, 2011, 1–19.10.1155/2011/290602Search in Google Scholar
[9] Yang XP, Xu QQ, Yan N, Sui G, Cai Q, Deng XL. Polym. Adv. Technol. 2011, 22, 2222–2230.10.1002/pat.1749Search in Google Scholar
[10] Perez-Masia R, Lopez-Rubio A, Fabra MJ, Lagaron JM. Innovative Food Sci. Emerging Technol. 2014, 26, 415–423.10.1016/j.ifset.2014.10.010Search in Google Scholar
[11] Haroosh HJ, Dong Y, Chaudhary DS, Ingram GD, Yusa S. Appl. Phys. A Mater. Sci. Process. 2013, 110, 433–442.10.1007/s00339-012-7233-7Search in Google Scholar
[12] Thieme M, Agarwal S, Wendorff JH, Greiner A. Polym. Adv. Technol. 2011, 22, 1335–1344.10.1002/pat.1617Search in Google Scholar
[13] Wu DF, Lin DP, Zhang J, Zhou WD, Zhang M, Zhang YS, Wang DM, Lin BL. Macromol. Chem. Phys. 2011, 212, 613–626.10.1002/macp.201000579Search in Google Scholar
[14] Zhao XY, Luo JJ, Fang CJ, Xiong J. RSC Adv. 2015, 5, 99179–99187.10.1039/C5RA14301BSearch in Google Scholar
[15] Kong YX, Yuan J, Wang ZM, Qiu J. Polym. Compos. 2012, 33, 1613–1619.10.1002/pc.22298Search in Google Scholar
[16] Agarwal S, Wendorff JH, Greiner A. Polymer 2008, 49, 5603–5621.10.1016/j.polymer.2008.09.014Search in Google Scholar
[17] Theron SA, Zussman E, Yarin AL. Polymer 2004, 45, 2017–2030.10.1016/j.polymer.2004.01.024Search in Google Scholar
[18] Reneker DH, Yarin AL. Polymer 2008, 49, 2387–2425.10.1016/j.polymer.2008.02.002Search in Google Scholar
[19] Bognitzki M, Czado W, Frese T, Schaper A, Hellwig M, Steinhart M, Greiner A, Wendorff JH. Adv. Mater. 2001, 13, 70–72.10.1002/1521-4095(200101)13:1<70::AID-ADMA70>3.0.CO;2-HSearch in Google Scholar
[20] Buschle-Diller G, Cooper J, Xie ZW, Wu Y, Waldrup J, Ren XH. Cellulose 2007, 14, 553–562.10.1007/s10570-007-9183-3Search in Google Scholar
[21] Oliveira JE, Mattoso LHC, Orts WJ, Medeiros ES. Adv. Mater. Sci. Eng. 2013, 2013, 1–14.10.1155/2013/409572Search in Google Scholar
[22] Xu SC, Qin CC, Yu M, Dong RH, Yan X, Zhao H, Han WP, Zhang HD, Long YZ. Nanoscale 2015, 7, 12351–12355.10.1039/C5NR02922HSearch in Google Scholar
[23] Long YZ, Li MM, Gu CZ, Wan MX, Duvail JL, Liu ZW, Fan ZY. Prog. Polym. Sci. 2011, 36, 1415–1442.10.1016/j.progpolymsci.2011.04.001Search in Google Scholar
[24] Liu MZ, Cheng ZQ, Jin Y, Ru X, Ding DW, Li JF. J. Appl. Polym. Sci. 2013, 130, 3600–3610.10.1002/app.39592Search in Google Scholar
[25] Gu SY, Ren J, Vancso GJ. Eur. Polym. J. 2005, 41, 2559–2568.10.1016/j.eurpolymj.2005.05.008Search in Google Scholar
[26] Mujica-Garcia A, Navarro-Baena I, Kenny JM, Peponi L. J. Renew. Mater. 2014, 2, 23–34.10.7569/JRM.2013.634130Search in Google Scholar
[27] Lu LL, Wu DF, Zhang M, Zhou WD. Ind. Eng. Chem. Res. 2012, 51, 3682–3691.10.1021/ie2028969Search in Google Scholar
[28] Ji Y, Ghosh K, Shu XZ, Li BQ, Sokolov JC, Prestwich GD, Clark RAF, Rafailovich MH. Biomaterials 2006, 27, 3782–3792.10.1016/j.biomaterials.2006.02.037Search in Google Scholar
[29] Demir MM, Yilgor I, Yilgor E, Erman B. Polymer 2002, 43, 3303–3309.10.1016/S0032-3861(02)00136-2Search in Google Scholar
[30] Zhang CM, Zhai TL, Turng LS, Dan Y. Ind. Eng. Chem. Res. 2015, 54, 9505–9511.10.1021/acs.iecr.5b02134Search in Google Scholar
[31] Zhou CJ, Shi QF, Guo WH, Terrell L, Qureshi AT, Hayes DJ, Wu QL. ACS Appl. Mater. Interfaces 2013, 5, 3847–3854.10.1021/am4005072Search in Google Scholar PubMed
©2018 Walter de Gruyter GmbH, Berlin/Boston
