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Epigenetic Effects on Transgene Expression

  • Protocol
Gene Knockout Protocols

Part of the book series: Methods in Molecular Biology ((MIMB,volume 158))

Abstract

Gene expression in eukaryotes is regulated primarily at the level of transcription. The genomes of higher eukaryotes contain many more genes than are used in any single differentiated cell type, and cell differentiation can be viewed as the result of decisions regarding which genes will be expressed. The mechanisms of transcriptional control have been intensively studied for more than a decade, resulting in considerable understanding of the organization of DNA elements that control the transcription of individual genes (promoters and enhancers), the factors that bind these elements, and the basal transcription apparatus. These studies have been primarily concerned with mechanisms regulating the rate of transcription of an active gene, rather than mechanisms that determine whether a gene will be transcriptionally active at all. However, it is arguable that the decision to transcribe a gene is the critical determinant; work done over several decades points to complex systems regulating the on/off switch in transcription, but the workings of these systems are still relatively obscure. In general, these systems involve what are termed epigenetic processes, i.e., processes whereby genes are rendered inactive that do not involve changes in the actual DNA sequence. At present there are two known forms of epigenetic modification: DNA methylation and chromatin packaging. Changes in either one or both of these are frequently associated with the silencing of genes.

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Authors and Affiliations

  1. Department of Biochemistry, University of Sydney, Sydney, Australia

    Emma Whitelaw, Heidi Sutherland, Margot Kearns, Hugh Morgan, Linda Weaving & David Garrick

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  1. Emma Whitelaw
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  2. Heidi Sutherland
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  3. Margot Kearns
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  4. Hugh Morgan
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  5. Linda Weaving
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Editors and Affiliations

  1. National Vision Research Institute of Australia, Carlton, Victoria, Australia

    Martin J. Tymms

  2. Centre for Functional Genomics and Human Disease, Institute of Reproduction and Development, Monash University, Clayton, Victoria, Australia

    Ismail Kola

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Whitelaw, E., Sutherland, H., Kearns, M., Morgan, H., Weaving, L., Garrick, D. (2001). Epigenetic Effects on Transgene Expression. In: Tymms, M.J., Kola, I. (eds) Gene Knockout Protocols. Methods in Molecular Biology, vol 158. Humana Press. https://doi.org/10.1385/1-59259-220-1:351

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  • DOI: https://doi.org/10.1385/1-59259-220-1:351

  • Publisher Name: Humana Press

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  • Online ISBN: 978-1-59259-220-3

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