Abstract
The first step in the analysis of potentially transgenic mice is the characterizaton of their altered genotype. A strategy must be devised that allows easy and reliable discrimination between wild-type animals and those carrying additional transgenes or introduced targeted mutations. It is also necessary to demonstrate that the characteristics of the alteration are as desired.
This is a preview of subscription content, log in via an institution.
Buying options
Tax calculation will be finalised at checkout
Purchases are for personal use only
Learn about institutional subscriptionsReferences
Mason, I. J., Murphy, D., Munke, M., Francke, U., Elliot, R. W., and Hogan, B. L. M. (1986) Developmental and transformation-sensitive expression of the Sparc gene on chromosome 11. EMBO J. 5, 1831–1837.
Southern, E. M. (1975) Detection of specific sequences among DNA fragments separated by gel electrophoresis. J. Mol. Biol. 98, 503–517.
Devereux, J., Haeberli, P., and Smithies, O. (1984) A comprehensive set of sequence analysis programs for the VAX. Nucleic Acid Res. 12, 387–395.
Fuchs, R. and Cameron, G. N. (1995) Databases, computer networks, and molecular biology, in DNA Cloning 3, A Practical Approach (Glover, D. M. and Hames, B. D., eds.), IRL, NY, pp. 151–172.
Bickmore, B. (1995) Long-range restriction mapping, in DNA Cloning 3, A Practical Approach (Glover, D. M. and Hames, B. D., eds.), IRL, NY, pp. 182–188.
Rigby, P. W. J., Dieckmann, M., Rhodes, C., and Berg, P. (1977) Labelling desoxyribonucleic acid to high specific activity in vitro by nick translation with DNA polymerase I. J. Mol. Biol. 113, 237–251.
Feinberg, A. P. and Vogelstein, B. (1984) A technique for radiolabelling DNA restriction endonuclease fragments to high specific activity. Anal. Biochem. 137, 266, 267.
Lehrbach, H., Diamond, D., Wozney, J. M., and Boedtker, H. (1977) RNA molecular weight determinations by gel electrophoresis under denaturing conditions: a critical reexamination. Biochemistry 16, 4743–4751.
Chelly, J., Kaplan, J.-C., Maire, P., Gautron, S., and Kahn, A. (1988) Transcription of the dystrophin gene in human muscle and non-muscle tissues. Nature 333, 858–860.
Newton, C. R. (1995) Mutational analysis: known mutations, in PCR 2, A Practical Approach (McPherson, M. J., Hames, B. D., and Taylor, G. R., eds.), IRL, NY, pp. 219–253.
Haase, A. T., Retzel, E. F., and Staskus, K. A. (1990) Amplification and detection of lentiviral DNA inside cells. Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. USA 87, 4971–4975.
Chen, R. H. and Fuggle, S. V. (1993) In situ cDNA polymerase chain reaction: a novel technique for detecting mRNA expression. Am. J. Pathol. 143, 1527–1534.
Komminoth, P. and Long, A. A. (1993) In situ polymerase chain reaction: an overview of methods, applications and limitations of a new molecular technique. Virchows Archiv B Cell Pathol. 64, 67–73.
Long A. A., Komminoth, P., Lee, E., and Wolfe, H. J. (1993) Comparison of indirect and direct in-situ polymerase chain reaction in cell preparations and tissue sections. Histo chemistry 99, 151–162.
Komminoth, P., Merk, F. B., Leav, I., Wolfe, H. J., and Roth, J. (1992) Comparison of 35S-and digoxigenin-labelled RNA and oligonucleotide probes for in situ hybridization. Histo chemistry 98, 217–228.
Laemmli, U. K. (1970) Cleavage of structural proteins during the assembly of the head of bacteriophage T4. Nature 227, 680–685.
Spector, D. L., Goldman, R. D., and Leinwand, L. A. (1997) Cells, A Laboratory Manual, Vol. 1, Culture and biochemical analysis of cells. Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press, Cold Spring Harbor, NY, pp. 34.1–55.11.
Harlow, E. and Lane, D. (1988) Antibodies, A laboratory manual, Vol. 1, Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press, Cold Spring Harbor, NY, pp. 421–470.
Towbin, H., Staehelin, T., and Gordon, J. (1979) Electrophoretic transfer of proteins from polyacrylamide gels to nitrocellulose sheets: procedure and some applications. Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. USA 76, 4350–4354.
Beesley, J. E., ed. (1993) Immunocytochemistry, A Practical Approach, IRL, New York.
Gratzner, A. G. (1982) Monoclonal-antibody to 5-bromodeoxyuridine and 5-iododeoxyuridine—a new reagent for detection of DNA-replication. Science 218, 474, 2475.
Selbert, S., Fischer, P., Pongratz, D., Stewart, M., and Noegel, A. A. (1995)Expression and localization of annexin VII (synexin) in muscle cells. J. Cell Sci. 108, 85–95.
Midgeley, C. A., White, S., Howitt, R., Save, V., Duμop, M. G., Hall, P. A., Lane, D. P., Wyllie, A. H., and Bubb, V. J. (1997) APC expression in normal human tissues. J. Pathol. 181, 426–433.
Mason, L. Y. and Sammons, R. (1978) Alkaline phosphatase and peroxidase for double immunoenzymatic labelling of cellular constituents. J. Clin. Pathol. 31,454–460.
Gorman, C. M., Moffat, L. F., and Howard, B. H. (1982) Recombinant genomes which express chloramphenicol acetyltransferase in mammalian cells. Mol. Cell.Biol. 2, 1044–1051.
Rosenthal, N. (1987) Identification of regulatory elements of cloned genes with functional assays, in Methods in Enzymology, vol. 152 (Berger, S. L. and Kimmel, A. R., eds.), Academic, London, pp. 704–720.
Staμey, P. E. and Kricka, L. J., eds. (1991) Bioluminescence and Chemiluminescence:Current Status, John Wiley & Sons, NY.
Wood, K. V. (1995) Marker proteins for gene expression. Curr. Opin. Biotechnol. 6, 50–58.
Alton, N. K. and Vapnek, D. (1979) Nucleotide sequence analysis of the chloramphenicol resistance transposon Tn9. Nature 282, 864–869.
Leslie, A. G. W., Moody, P. C. E., and Shaw, W. V. (1988) Structure of chloramphenicol acetyltransferase at 1.75 A resolution. Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. USA 85,4133–4137.
Shaw, W. V. (1975) Chloramphenicol acetyltransferase from chloramphenicolresistant bacteria in Methods in Enzymology, vol. 43 (Hash, J. H., ed.), Academic, London, pp. 737–755.
Folwer, A. V. and Zabin, I. (1983) Purification, structure and properties of hybrid β galactosidase proteins. J. Biol. Chem. 258, 14,354–14,358.
DeWet, J. R., Wood, K. V., Helinski, D. R., and Deluca, M. (1985) Cloning of firefly luciferase cDNA and the expression of active luciferase in Escherichia coli. Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. USA 82, 7870–7873.
DeWet, J. R., Wood, K. V., Deluca, M., Helinski, D. R., and Subramain, S. (1987) Firefly luciferase gene—structure and expression in mammalian cells. Mol. Cell.Biol. 7, 725–737.
Brasier, A. R., Tate, J. E., and Habener, J. F. (1989) Optimized use of the firefly luciferase assay as a reporter gene in mammalian cell lines. BioTechniques 7,1116–1122.
Wallace, R. B. and Miyada, C. G. (1987) Oligonucleotide probes for the screening of recombinant DNA libraries, in Methods in Enzymology, vol. 152 (Berger,S. L. and Kimmel, A. R., eds.), Academic, London, pp. 432–442
Innis, M. A., Myambo, K. B., Gelfand, D. H., and Brow, M. A. D. (1989) DNA sequencing with Thermus aquaticus DNA polymerase and direct sequencing of polymerase chain reaction-amplified DNA. Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. USA 85, 9436–9440.
Kidd, K. K. and Ruano, G. (1995) Optimizing PCR, in PCR 2, A Practical Approach (McPherson, M. J., Hames, B. D., and Taylor, G. R., eds.), IRL, NY, p. 15.
Kidd, K. K. and Ruano, G. (1995) Optimising PCR, in PCR2, A Practical Approach (McPherson, M. J., Hames, B. D., and Taylor, G. R., eds.), IRL, NY, pp. 1–22.
Titus, D. E., ed. (1991) Promega, Protocols and Application Guide, Promega,Madison, WI.
Chomczynski, P. and Qasba, P. K. (1984) Alkaline transfer of DNA to plastic membrane. Biochem. Biophys. Res. Commun. 122, 340–344.
Selden, R. F. (1991) Analysis of DNA sequences by blotting and hybridization,in Current Protocols in Molecular Biology (Ausubel, F. M., Brent, R., Kingston, R. E., Moore, J. G., Smith, J. A., and Struhl, K., eds.), vol. 1,Green Publishing Associates and Wiley-Interscience, New York, Section IV,Unit 2.9., pp. 2.9.1–2.9.17.
Walker, J. M., ed. (1984) Methods in Molecular Biology, Vol. 2: Nucleic Acids,Humana, Clifton, NJ.
Starling, J. (1994) A Guide to In Situ, Hybaid, Middlesex, UK.
Staecker, H., Cammer, M., Rubinstein, R., and Van De Water, T. R. (1994) A procedure for RT-PCR amplification of mRNAs on histological specimens.Biotechniques 16, 76–80.
Lewis, M. E., Sherman, T. G., and Watson, S. J. (1985) In Situ hybridization histochemistry with synthetic oligonucleotides: strategies and methods. Peptides 6(Suppl. 2), 75–87.
Author information
Authors and Affiliations
Editor information
Editors and Affiliations
Rights and permissions
Copyright information
© 2002 Humana Press Inc.
About this protocol
Cite this protocol
Selbert, S., Rannie, D. (2002). Analysis of Transgenic Mice. In: Clarke, A.R. (eds) Transgenesis Techniques. Methods in Molecular Biology, vol 180. Springer, Totowa, NJ. https://doi.org/10.1385/1-59259-178-7:305
Download citation
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1385/1-59259-178-7:305
Publisher Name: Springer, Totowa, NJ
Print ISBN: 978-0-89603-696-3
Online ISBN: 978-1-59259-178-7
eBook Packages: Springer Protocols