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Determination of Paraquat Dichloride from Water Samples Using Differential Pulse Cathodic Stripping Voltammetry

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Abstract

Paraquat dichloride commonly used as herbicide was determined by differential pulse cathodic stripping voltammetry technique. Experimental parameters, such as pH, accumulation time, accumulation potential and initial potential were optimized. In this analysis, paraquat dichloride exhibited a well-defined tworeduction peaks at −0.35 and −0.90 V in the pH range from 2.0 to 12.0. The 0.04 mol L–1 BR buffer at pH 2.0 was found a suitable medium for electroanalytical determination of the paraquat dichloride. Interfering ions effect was not significant. Linear calibration plots for standard solutions of paraquat dichloride were obtained in the range of 0.25 to 1.75 × 10–6 mol L–1. Detection limit was 3.66 × 10–8 mol L–1. The optimized parameters were effectively applied for the determination of commercial paraquat dichloride and in artificial samples. Artificial samples were prepared by spiking paraquat dichloride into tap water and drinking water dispenser samples. The recovery value was 90.5% in drinking water dispenser samples and 91.7% in tap water samples at the concentration range of 1.00 × 10–6 to 1.75 × 10–6 mol L–1.

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Authors and Affiliations

  1. Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science, Universiti Teknologi Malaysia, UTM Johor Bahru, 81310, Malaysia

    Thanalechumi Paramalinggam & Abdull Rahim Mohd Yusoff

  2. Centre for Environmental Sustainability and Water Security (IPASA), Research Institute for Sustainable Environment (RISE), Universiti Teknologi Malaysia, UTM Johor Bahru, 81310, Malaysia

    Thanalechumi Paramalinggam, Palanivel Sathishkumar & Zulkifli Yusop

  3. Centre for Sustainable Nanomaterials, Ibnu Sina Institute for Scientific and Industrial Research, Universiti Teknologi Malaysia, UTM Johor Bahru, 81310, Malaysia

    Abdull Rahim Mohd Yusoff

  4. Department of Chemistry, Khwaja Fareed University of Engineering and Information Technology, Rahimyar Khan, 64200, Pakistan

    Munawar Saeed Qureshi, Zulfiqar Ali Shah & Muhammad Khalid

  5. School of Civil Engineering, Faculty of Engineering, Universiti Teknologi Malaysia, UTM Johor Bahru, 81310, Malaysia

    Zulkifli Yusop

  6. Institute of Advanced Research Studies in Chemical Sciences, University of Sindh, Jamshoro, 76080, Pakistan

    Faiz Mohammad Khokhar

Authors
  1. Thanalechumi Paramalinggam
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  2. Abdull Rahim Mohd Yusoff
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  3. Munawar Saeed Qureshi
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  4. Zulfiqar Ali Shah
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  5. Palanivel Sathishkumar
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  6. Zulkifli Yusop
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  7. Muhammad Khalid
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Correspondence to Abdull Rahim Mohd Yusoff.

Additional information

Published in Russian in Elektrokhimiya, 2018, Vol. 54, No. 12, pp. 1102–1110.

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Paramalinggam, T., Yusoff, A.R.M., Qureshi, M.S. et al. Determination of Paraquat Dichloride from Water Samples Using Differential Pulse Cathodic Stripping Voltammetry. Russ J Electrochem 54, 1155–1163 (2018). https://doi.org/10.1134/S1023193518140069

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  • DOI: https://doi.org/10.1134/S1023193518140069

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