Skip to main content
Log in

Plasticity Mechanism for Glassy Polymers: Computer Simulation Picture

  • Review
  • Published:
Polymer Science, Series A Aims and scope Submit manuscript

Abstract

This review summarizes the data published over the past two and a half decades on the mechanism of plastic deformation of bulk isotropic linear glassy polymers in uniaxial tension, compression, and shear at low deformation temperatures (Тdef < 0.6Тg) and moderate loading rates. The main attention is focused on studies concerning the numerical computer simulations of plasticity of organic polymer glasses. The plastic behavior of glassy polymers at nano-, micro-, and macrolevels in the range of macroscopic strains up to ≈100% is discussed. Plasticity mechanisms are compared for organic, inorganic, metallic, polymer, and nonpolymer glasses with different chemical structures and types of interparticle interactions. The general common mechanism of plasticity of glassy compounds, the nucleation of plasticity carriers in them, and the structure of such carriers and their dynamics are covered. Within the framework of the common plasticity mechanism, the specific features of deformation in glassy polymers are analyzed. Specifically, the participation of conformational transformations in macromolecules in the deformation response of polymer glasses, change in intensity of the yield peak with the thermomechanical prehistory of the sample, and the role of van der Waals interactions in the accumulation of excess potential energy by the sample under loading are considered. The role of free volume and structural and dynamic heterogeneities in the plasticity of glasses is also discussed.

This is a preview of subscription content, log in via an institution to check access.

Access this article

Price excludes VAT (USA)
Tax calculation will be finalised during checkout.

Instant access to the full article PDF.

Institutional subscriptions

Similar content being viewed by others

References

  1. A. S. Argon, The Physics of Deformation and Fracture of Polymers (Cambridge Univ. Press, New York, 2013).

    Book  Google Scholar 

  2. J. Perez, Physics and Mechanics of Amorphous Polymers (A.A. Balkema, Rotterdam, 1998).

    Google Scholar 

  3. J. Perez, Materiaux non Cristallins et Science du Desordre (Presses Polytech. Univ. Romandes, Lausanne, 2001).

    Google Scholar 

  4. A. S. Argon, in Encyclopedia of Material Science and Technology, Ed. by R. W. Cahn, P. Hansen, and E. J. Kramer (VCH Publ., Weinheim, 1993), Vol. 6, p. 462.

  5. E. F. Oleinik, S. N. Rudnev, O. B. Salamatina, M. A. Mazo, I. A. Strelnikov, and M. I. Koteljansky, in Plastic Deformation: Processes, Properties and Applications, Ed. by D. Hubbard (Nova Sci. Publ., New York, 2016), Chap. 2, p. 45.

  6. M. L. Falk and C. E. Maloney, Eur. Phys. J. B 75 (4), 405 (2010).

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  7. D. Rodney, A. Tanguy, and D. Vandembroucq, Modell. Simul. Mater. Sci. Eng. 19 (8), 083001 (2011).

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  8. The Physics of Glassy Polymers, Ed. by R. N. Haward (Wiley, New York, 1973).

  9. The Physics of Glassy Polymers, Ed. by R. N. Haward and R. J. Young (Chapman and Hall, London, 1997).

  10. Simulation Methods for Polymers, Ed. by M. Kotelyanskii and D. N. Theodorou (Marcel Dekker, Basel, 2004).

  11. V. V. Bulatov, L. L. Hsiung, M. Tang, A. Arsenlis, M. C. Bartelt, W. Cai, J. N. Florando, M. Hiratani, M. Rhee, G. Hommes, T. G. Pierce, and T. D. de la Rubia, Nature 440 (7088), 1174 (2006).

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  12. V. V. Bulatov and A. S. Argon, Phys. Rev. A: At., Mol., Opt. Phys. 46 (8), 5275 (1992).

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  13. L. Berthier, Physics 4, 42 (2011).

    Article  Google Scholar 

  14. B. Vorselaars, A. V. Lyulin, and M. A. J. Michels, Macromolecules 40 (16), 6001 (2007).

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  15. D. Bedrov, G. Smith, and J. F. Douglas, Polymer 45 (11), 3961 (2004).

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  16. H. Sillescu, J. Non-Cryst. Solids 243 (2–3), 81 (1999).

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  17. G. Picard, A. Ajdari, F. Lequeux, and L. Bocquet, Phys. Rev. E: Stat., Nonlinear, Soft Matter Phys. 71 (1), 010501 (2005).

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  18. J. Torok, S. Krishnamurthy, J. Kertesz, and S. Roux, Phys. Rev. E: Stat., Nonlinear, Soft Matter Phys. 67 (2), 021303 (2003).

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  19. C. A. Schuh and A. C. Lund, Nat. Mater. 2 (7), 449 (2003).

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  20. M. Nandagopal and M. Utz, J. Chem. Phys. 118 (18), 8373 (2003).

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  21. N. P. Bailey, J. Schiotz, and K. W. Jacobsen, Mater. Sci. Eng., A 387–389, 996 (2004).

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  22. I. Stankovic, S. Hess, and M. Kroger, Phys. Rev. E: Stat., Nonlinear, Soft Matter Phys. 69 (2), 021509 (2004).

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  23. K. Yoshimoto, T. S. Jain, K. van Workum, P. F. Nealey, and J. J. de Pablo, Phys. Rev. Lett. 93 (17), 175501 (2004).

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  24. M. Wyart, S. R. Nagel, and T. A. Witten, Europhys. Lett. 72 (3), 486 (2005).

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  25. I. Goldhirsch and C. Goldenberg, Eur. Phys. J. E: Soft Matter Biol. Phys. 9 (3), 245 (2002).

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  26. C. Goldenberg and I. Goldhirsch, in Handbook of Theoretical and Computational Nanotechnology, Ed. by M. Rieth and W. Schommers (Am. Sci., New York, 2006), Vol. 4, p. 329.

  27. F. Radjai and S. Roux, Phys. Rev. Lett. 89 (6), 064302 (2002).

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  28. J. C. Baret, D. Vandembroucq, and S. Roux, Phys. Rev. Lett. 89 (19), 195506 (2002).

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  29. A. M. Kraynik, Annu. Rev. Fluid Mech. 20 325 (1988).

    Article  Google Scholar 

  30. J. S. Langer and A. J. Liu, Europhys. Lett. 49 (1), 68 (2000).

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  31. S. Tewari, D. Schiemann, D. J. Durian, C. M. Knobler, J. S. Langer, and A. J. Liu, Phys. Rev. E: Stat. Phys., Plasmas, Fluids, Relat. Interdiscip. Top. 60 (4), 4385 (1999).

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  32. C. Barentin, E. Azanza, and B. Pouligny, Europhys. Lett. 66 (1), 139 (2004).

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  33. F. Alonso-Marroquin and H. J. Herrmann, Phys. Rev. Lett. 92 (5), 054301 (2004).

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  34. M. Latzel, S. Luding, H. J. Herrmann, D. W. Howell, and R. P. Behringer, Eur. Phys. J. E: Soft Matter Biol. Phys. 11 (4), 325 (2003).

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  35. P. Coussot, Rheometry of Pastes, Suspensions, and Granular Materials: Applications in Industry and Environment (Wiley, Hoboken, 2005).

    Book  Google Scholar 

  36. N. Lacevic and S. C. Glotzer, J. Phys. Chem. B 108 (51), 19623 (2004).

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  37. Yu. K. Godovsky, Thermophysical Properties of Polymers (Springer, Berlin, 1993).

    Google Scholar 

  38. J. H. R. Clarke, in Monte Carlo and Molecular Dynamics Simulations in Polymer Science, Ed. by K. Binder (Oxford Univ. Press, New York, 1995), p. 272.

  39. W. Paul and G. D. Smith, Rep. Prog. Phys. 67 (7), 1117 (2004).

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  40. E. F. Oleinik, Polym. Sci., Ser. C 45 (1), 17 (2003).

    Google Scholar 

  41. E. F. Oleinik, S. N. Rudnev, O. Salamatina, and M. I. Kotelyanskii, Polym. Sci., Ser. A 50 (5), 494 (2008).

    Article  Google Scholar 

  42. J. Rottler, J. Phys.: Condens. Matter 21 (46), 463101 (2009).

    Google Scholar 

  43. J.-L. Barrat, J. Baschnagel, and A. Lyulin, Soft Matter 6 (15), 3430 (2010).

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  44. S. V. Lyulin, S. V. Larin, V. M. Nazarychev, S. G. Fal’kovich, and J. M. Kenny, Polym. Sci., Ser. C 58 (1), 2 (2016).

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  45. R. A. Riggleman, H.-N. Lee, M. D. Ediger, and J. J. de Pablo, Phys. Rev. Lett. 99 (21), 215501 (2007).

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  46. G. J. Papakonstantopoulos, R. A. Riggleman, J.-L. Barrat, and J. J. de Pablo, Phys. Rev. E: Stat., Nonlinear, Soft Matter Phys. 77 (4), 041502 (2008).

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  47. R. A. Riggleman, H.-N. Lee, M. D. Ediger, and J. J. de Pablo, Soft Matter 6 (2), 287 (2010).

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  48. M. Warren and J. Rottler, J. Chem. Phys. 133 (16), 164513 (2010).

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  49. A. Y.-H. Liu and J. Rottler, Soft Matter 6 (19), 4858 (2010).

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  50. A. Makke, M. Perez, J. Rottler, O. Lame, and J.-L. Barrat, Macromol. Theory Simul. 20 (9), 826 (2011).

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  51. A. Smessaert and J. Rottler, Macromolecules 45 (6), 2928 (2012).

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  52. Y. G. Chung and D. J. Lacks, Macromolecules 45 (10), 4416 (2012).

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  53. Y. G. Chung and D. J. Lacks, J. Polym. Sci., Polym. Phys. Ed. 50 (24), 1733 (2012).

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  54. S. Jabbari-Farouji, J. Rottler, O. Lame, A. Makke, M. Perez, and J. J. Barrat, ACS Macro Lett 4 (2), 147 (2015).

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  55. S. Shenogin and R. Ozisik, Polymer 46 (12), 4397 (2005).

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  56. S. Shenogin and R. Ozisik, J. Polym. Sci., Polym. Phys. Ed. 43 (8), 994 (2005).

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  57. J. Diani, B. Fayolle, and P. Gilormini, Mol. Simul. 34 (10–15), 1143 (2008).

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  58. S. V. Lyulin, A. A. Gurtovenko, S. V. Larin, V. M. Nazarychev, and A. V. Lyulin, Macromolecules 46 (15), 6357 (2013).

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  59. I. A. Strelnikov, M. A. Mazo, N. K. Balabaev, and E. F. Oleinik, Polym. Sci., Ser. A 56 (4), 511 (2014).

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  60. I. A. Strelnikov, M. A. Mazo, N. K. Balabaev, E. F. Oleinik, and A. A. Berlin, Dokl. Phys. Chem. 457 (1), 108 (2014).

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  61. V. M. Nazarychev, A. V. Lyulin, S. V. Larin, A. A. Gurtovenko, J. M. Kenny, and S. V. Lyulin, Soft Matter 12 (12), 3972 (2016).

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  62. D. R. Theodorou and U. W. Suter, Macromolecules 19 (2), 379 (1986).

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  63. P. H. Mott, A. S. Argon, and U. W. Suter, Philos. Mag. A 68 (4), 931 (1993).

    Article  Google Scholar 

  64. D. Brown and J. H. R. Clarke, Macromolecules 24 (8), 2075 (1991).

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  65. M. Hutnik, A. S. Argon, and U. W. Suter, Macromolecules 26 (5), 1097 (1993).

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  66. C. Chui and M. C. Boyce, Macromolecules 32 (11), 3795 (1999).

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  67. F. M. Capaldi, M. C. Boyce, and G. C. Rutledge, Polymer 45 (4), 1391 (2004).

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  68. A. V. Lyulin, B. Vorselaars, M. A. Mazo, N. K. Balabaev, and M. A. J. Michels, Europhys. Lett. 71 (4), 618 (2005).

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  69. J. Li, T. Mulder, B. Vorselaars, A. V. Lyulin, and M. A. J. Michels, Macromolecules 39 (22), 7774 (2006).

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  70. T. Mulder, J. Li, A. V. Lyulin, and M. A. J. Michels, Macromol. Theory Simul. 16 (4), 348 (2007).

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  71. V. A. Harmandaris, N. P. Adhikari, N. F. A. van der Vegt, and K. Kremer, Macromolecules 39 (19), 6708 (2006).

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  72. A. V. Lyulin and M. A. J. Michels, Phys. Rev. Lett. 99 (8), 085504 (2007).

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  73. D. Hossain, M. A. Tschopp, D. K. Ward, J. L. Bouvard, P. Wang, and M. F. Horstemeyer, Polymer 51 (25), 6071 (2010).

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  74. N. K. Balabaev, M. A. Mazo, A. V. Lyulin, and E. F. Oleinik, Polym. Sci., Ser. A 52 (6), 633 (2010).

    Article  Google Scholar 

  75. D. K. Mahajan and S. Basu, Int. J. Appl. Mech. 2 (3), 515 (2010).

    Article  Google Scholar 

  76. N. Lempesis, G. G. Vogiatzis, G. C. Boulougouris, L. C. A. van Breemen, M. Hutter, and D. N. Theodorou, Mol. Phys. 111 (22), 3430 (2013).

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  77. A. A. Pacheco and R. C. Batra, Polymer 54 (2), 819 (2013).

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  78. I. H. Sahputra and A. T. Echtermeyer, Modell. Simul. Materials Sci. Eng. 21 (6), 065016 (2013).

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  79. I. A. Strelnikov, N. K. Balabaev, M. A. Mazo, and E. F. Oleinik, Polym. Sci., Ser. A 56 (2), 219 (2014).

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  80. N. Vu-Bac, T. Lahmer, H. Keitel, J. Zhao, X. Zhuang, and T. Rabczuk, Mech. Mater. 68, 70 (2014).

    Article  Google Scholar 

  81. E. Brini, E. A. Algaer, P. Ganguly, C. L. Li, F. Rodriguez-Ropero, and N. F. A. van der Vegt, Soft Matter 9 (7), 2108 (2013).

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  82. P. Padilla and S. Toxvaerd, J. Chem. Phys. 95 (1), 509 (1991).

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  83. I. A. Strel’nikov, Candidate’s Dissertation in Mathematics and Physics (IKhF RAN, Moscow, 2014).

    Google Scholar 

  84. M. P. Allen and D. J. Tildesley, Computer Simulation of Liquids (Clarendon Press, Oxford, 1987).

    Google Scholar 

  85. A. V. Lyulin, N. K. Balabaev, M. A. Mazo, and M. A. J. Michels, Macromolecules 37 (23), 8785 (2004).

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  86. O. Gendelman, P. K. Jaiswal, I. Procaccia, B. S. Gupta, and J. Zylberg, Europhys. Lett. 109 (1), 16002 (2015).

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  87. B. Vorselaars, A. V. Lyulin, and M. A. J. Michels, Macromolecules 42 (15), 5829 (2009).

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  88. M. L. Falk and J. S. Langer, Phys. Rev. E: Stat. Phys., Plasmas, Fluids, Relat. Interdiscip. Top. 57 (6), 7192 (1998).

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  89. M. A. Mazo, S. O. Sarkisyan, and I. A. Strel’nikov, Uch. Zap. Gyumriisk. Gos. Ped. Inst. im M. Nalbandyana, No. 1, 66 (2014).

    Google Scholar 

  90. V. A. Kargin, Selecta. Problems of Polymer Science (Nauka, Moscow, 1986) [in Russian].

    Google Scholar 

  91. R. E. Robertson, J. Chem. Phys. 44 (10), 3950 (1966).

    Article  Google Scholar 

  92. E. F. Oleinik, O. B. Salamatina, S. N. Rudnev, and S. V. Shenogin, Vysokomol. Soedin., Ser. A 35 (11), 1819 (1993).

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  93. E. F. Oleinik, in High Performance Polymers, Ed. by E. Baer and S. Moet (Hanser Verlag, Munchen, 1990), p. 60.

  94. O. A. Hasan and M. C. Boyce, Polymer 34 (24), 5085 (1993).

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  95. O. B. Salamatina, S. N. Rudnev, V. V. Shaposhnikova, A. P. Krasnov, O. V. Afonicheva, S. N. Salazkin, and E. F. Oleinik, Polym. Sci., Ser. A 58 (1), 18 (2016).

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  96. E. F. Oleinik, Adv. Polym. Sci. 80 (1), 49 (1986).

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  97. O. B. Salamatina, G. W. H. Hohne, S. N. Rudnev, and E. F. Oleinik, Thermochim. Acta 247 (1), 1 (1994).

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  98. A. S. Argon, P. H. Mott, and U. W. Suter, Phys. Status Solidi B 172 (1), 193 (1992).

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  99. A. S. Argon, Strengthening Mechanisms in Crystal Plasticity (Oxford Univ. Press, New York, 2008).

    Google Scholar 

  100. R. S. Hoy and M. O. Robbins, Phys. Rev. Lett. 99 (11), 117801 (2007).

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  101. R. S. Hoy and M. O. Robbins, Phys. Rev. E: Stat., Nonlinear, Soft Matter Phys. 77 (3), 031801 (2008).

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  102. R. S. Hoy and M. O. Robbins, J. Polym. Sci., Polym. Phys. Ed. 44 (24), 3487 (2006).

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  103. R. B. Dupaix and M. C. Boyce, Polymer 46 (13), 4827 (2005).

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  104. E. M. Arruda and M. C. Boyce, Int. J. Plast. 9 (6), 697 (1993).

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  105. S. Balijepalli and G. C. Rutledge, J. Chem. Phys. 109 (16), 6523 (1998).

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  106. P. J. in’t Veld, M. Hutter, and G. C. Rutledge, Macromolecules 39 (1), 439 (2006).

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  107. S. Lee and G. C. Rutledge, Macromolecules 44 (8), 3096 (2011).

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  108. I.-C. Yeh, J. W. Andzelm, and G. C. Rutledge, Macromolecules 48 (12), 4228 (2015).

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  109. L. S. Loo, R. E. Cohen, and K. K. Gleason, Polymer 41 (21), 7699 (2000).

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  110. L. S. Loo, R. E. Cohen, and K. K. Gleason, Macromolecules 32 (13), 4359 (1999).

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  111. L. S. Loo, R. E. Cohen, and K. K. Gleason, Science 288 (5463), 116 (2000).

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  112. Q.-Y. Zhou, A. S. Argon, and R. E. Cohen, Polymer 42 (2), 613 (2001).

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  113. D. L. Malandro and D. J. Lacks, J. Chem. Phys. 110 (9), 4593 (1999).

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  114. R. Khare and M. E. Paulaitis, Macromolecules 28 (13), 4495 (1995).

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  115. R. Khare and M. E. Paulaitis, Chem. Eng. Sci. 49 (17), 2867 (1994).

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  116. D. Hudzinskyy, M. A. J. Michels, and A. V. Lyulin, J. Chem. Phys. 137 (12), 124902 (2012).

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  117. K. Hebert and M. D. Ediger, Macromolecules 50 (3), 1016 (2017).

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  118. R. A. Riggleman, K. S. Schweizer, and J. J. de Pablo, Macromolecules 41 (13), 4969 (2008).

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  119. R. A. Riggleman, G. N. Toepperwein, G. J. Papakonstantopoulos, and J. J. de Pablo, Macromolecules 42 (10), 3632 (2009).

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  120. K. Chen and K. S. Schweizer, Macromolecules 44 (10), 3988 (2011).

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  121. J. M. Ziman, Models of Disorder: The Theoretical Physics of Homogeneously Disordered Systems (Cambridge Univ. Press, Cambridge, 1979).

    Google Scholar 

  122. P.-G. De Gennes and J. Badoz, Les Objets Fragiles (Plon, Paris, 1994).

    Google Scholar 

  123. S. R. Elliott, Physics of Amorphous Materials (Longman, London, 1984).

    Google Scholar 

  124. H. L. Peng, M. Z. Li, B. A. Sun, and W. H. Wang, J. Appl. Phys. 112 (2), 023516 (2012).

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  125. P.-G. De Gennes, J. Polym. Sci., Polym. Phys. Ed. 43 (23), 3365 (2005).

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  126. P.-G. De Gennes, Scaling Concepts in Polymer Physics (Cornell Univ. Press, Ithaca, 1979).

    Google Scholar 

  127. W. Gotze, Condens.Matter Phys. 1 (4), 873 (1998).

    Article  Google Scholar 

  128. A. S. Argon and M. J. Demkowicz, Metall. Mater. Trans. A 39 (8), 1762 (2008).

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  129. M. J. Demkowicz and A. S. Argon, Phys. Rev. B: Condens. Matter Mater. Phys. 72 (24), 245205 (2005).

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  130. D. Deng, A. S. Argon, and S. Yip, Phil. Trans. R. Soc., A 329 (1608), 549 (1989).

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  131. M. I. Kotelyanskii, Candidate’s Dissertation in Mathematics and Physics (IKhF RAN, Moscow, 1992).

    Google Scholar 

  132. D. Srolovitz, V. Vitek, and T. Egami, Acta Metall. 31 (2), 335 (1983).

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  133. D. Srolovitz, T. Egami, and V. Vitek, Phys. Rev. B: Condens. Matter Mater. Phys. 24 (12), 6936 (1981).

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  134. D. Srolovitz, K. Maeda, V. Vitek, and T. Egami, Philos. Mag. A 44 (4), 847 (1981).

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  135. K. Maeda and S. Takeuchi, Phys. Status Solidi A 49 (2), 685 (1978).

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  136. M. Born and K. Huang, Dynamical Theory of Crystal Lattices (Clarendon Press, Oxford, 1954).

    Google Scholar 

  137. Z. S. Bazinski, M. S. Duesbery, and R. Tailor, in Interatomic Potentials and Simulation of Lattice Defects, Ed. by P. C. Gehlen and J. R. Beeler, Jr., and R. I. Jaffee (Plenum Press, New York, 1972), p. 537.

  138. Z. S. Bazinski, M. S. Duesbery, and R. Tailor, Can. J. Phys. 49 (16), 2160 (1971).

    Article  Google Scholar 

  139. M. Tsamados, A. Tanguy, C. Goldenberg, and J.-L. Barrat, Phys. Rev. E: Stat., Nonlinear, Soft Matter Phys. 80 (2), 026112 (2009).

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  140. T. Egami, K. Maeda, and V. Vitek, Philos. Mag. A 41 (6), 883 (1980).

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  141. D. N. Theodorou and U. W. Suter, Macromolecules 18 (7), 1467 (1985).

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  142. M. Hutnik, A. S. Argon, and U. W. Suter, Macromolecules 24 (22), 5970 (1991).

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  143. P. J. Ludovice and U. W. Suter, in Computational Modeling of Polymers, Ed. by J. Bicerano (Marcel Dekker, New York, 1992), p. 401.

  144. P. Robyr, M. Muller, and U. W. Suter, Macromolecules 32 (25), 8681 (1999).

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  145. F. Leonforte, R. Boissiere, A. Tanguy, J. P. Wittmer, and J.-L. Barrat, Phys. Rev. B: Condens. Matter Mater. Phys. 72 (22), 224206 (2005).

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  146. B. S. Shang, M. Z. Li, Y. G. Yao, Y. J. Lu, and W. H. Wang, Phys. Rev. E: Stat., Nonlinear, Soft Matter Phys. 90 (4), 042303 (2014).

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  147. R. Yamamoto and A. Onuki, Phys. Rev. E: Stat., Nonlinear, Soft Matter Phys. 90 (3), 3515 (2014).

    Article  Google Scholar 

  148. A. Tanguy, F. Leonforte, and J.-L. Barrat, Eur. Phys. J. 20 (3), 355 (2006).

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  149. E. R. Weeks, J. C. Crocker, A. C. Levitt, A. Schofield, and D. A. Weitz, Science 287 (5453), 627 (2000).

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  150. P. Schall, D. A. Weitz, and F. Spaepen, Science 318 (5858), 1895 (2007).

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  151. Dynamical Heterogenetics in Glasses, Colloids and Granular Media, Ed. by L. Berthier, G. Biroli, J.-P. Bouchaud, L. Cipelletti, and W. van Saarloos (Oxford Univ. Press, New York, 2011).

  152. E. V. Russell and N. E. Israeloff, Nature 408 (6813), 695 (2000).

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  153. J. S. Langer and S. Mukhopadhyay, Phys. Rev. E: Stat., Nonlinear, Soft Matter Phys. 77 (6), 061505 (2008).

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  154. M. D. Ediger and P. Harrowell, J. Chem. Phys. 137 (8), 080901 (2012).

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  155. V. V. Bulatov and A. S. Argon, Modell. Simul. Mater. Sci. Eng. 2 (2), 167 (1994).

    Article  Google Scholar 

  156. V. V. Bulatov and A. S. Argon, Modell. Simul. Mater. Sci. Eng. 2 (2), 185 (1994).

    Article  Google Scholar 

  157. V. V. Bulatov and A. S. Argon, Modell. Simul. Mater. Sci. Eng. 2 (2), 203 (1994).

    Article  Google Scholar 

  158. J. S. Lazurkin, J. Polym. Sci., Part A: Polym. Chem. 30 (121), 595 (1958).

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  159. T. R. Bohme and J. J. de Pablo, J. Chem. Phys. 116 (22), 9939 (2002).

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  160. D. Hudzinskyy, A. V. Lyulin, A. R. C. Baljon, N. K. Balabaev, and A. J. Matthias, Macromolecules 44 (7), 2299 (2011).

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  161. T. B. Karim and G. B. McKenna, Macromolecules 45 (24), 9697 (2012).

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  162. J.-H. Lee, J. Y. Chung, and C. M. Stafford, ASC Macro Lett. 1 (1), 122 (2012).

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  163. H.-N. Lee and M. D. Ediger, J. Chem. Phys. 133 (1), 014901 (2010).

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  164. J. P. Hirth and J. Lothe, Theory of Dislocations (Wiley Intersci., New York, 1982).

    Google Scholar 

  165. V. S. Boiko, R. I. Garber, and A. M. Kosevich, Reversible Plasticity of Crystals (Nauka, Moscow, 1991) [in Russian].

    Google Scholar 

  166. S. L. Kuz’min and V. A. Likhachev, in Elastomer Mechanics: Interuniversity Handbook (Izd-vo Krasnodarskogo Politekhn. Univ., Krasnodar, 1980), Vol. 3, p. 88 [in Russian].

    Google Scholar 

  167. A. S. Argon, Acta Metall. 27 (1), 47 (1979).

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  168. E. Bouchbinger, J. S. Langer, and I. Procaccia, Phys. Rev. E: Stat., Nonlinear, Soft Matter Phys. 75 (3), 036108 (2007).

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  169. J. S. Langer, Phys. Rev. E: Stat., Nonlinear, Soft Matter Phys. 77 (2), 021502 (2008).

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  170. J. S. Langer, Scr. Mater. 54 (3), 375 (2006).

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  171. M. L. Falk and J. S. Langer, Annu. Rev. Condens. Matter Phys. 2, 353 (2011).

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  172. E. F. Oleinik, S. N. Rudnev, and O. B. Salamatina, Dokl. Phys. Chem. 465, 259 (2015).

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  173. A. S. Argon and H. Y. Kuo, Mater. Sci. Eng. 39 (1), 101 (1979).

    Article  Google Scholar 

  174. A. S. Argon and L. T. Shi, Philos. Mag. 46 (2), 275 (1982).

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  175. A. S. Argon and L. T. Shi, Acta Metall. 31 (4), 499 (1983).

    Article  Google Scholar 

  176. D. Deng, A. S. Argon, and S. Yip, Phil. Trans. R. Soc., A 329 (1608), 575 (1989).

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  177. D. Deng, A. S. Argon, and S. Yip, Phil. Trans. R. Soc., A 329 (1608), 595 (1989).

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  178. D. Deng, A. S. Argon, and S. Yip, Phil. Trans. R. Soc., A 329 (1608), 613 (1989).

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  179. D. Deng and A. S. Argon, Acta Metall. 34 (10), 2025 (1986).

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  180. M. A. Bol’shanina and V. E. Panin, Tr. Tomsk. Gos. Univ. 1957, p. 193 (1957).

    Google Scholar 

  181. Y. Q. Cheng, A. J. Cao, H. W. Sheng, and E. Ma, Acta Mater. 56 (18), 5263 (2008).

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  182. J. D. Eshelby, Proc. R. Soc. London, Ser. A 241 (1226), 376 (1957).

    Article  Google Scholar 

  183. W. L. Johnson and K. Samwer, Phys. Rev. Lett. 95 (19), 195501 (2005).

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  184. E. F. Oleinik, S. V. Shenogin, T. V. Paramzina, S. N. Rudnev, V. P. Shantarovich, Z. K. Azamatova, T. Pakula, and E. W. Fisher, Polym. Sci. 40 (12), 1187 (1998).

    Google Scholar 

  185. A. Lemaitre and C. Caroli, Phys. Rev. Lett. 103 (6), 065501 (2009).

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  186. J. S. Langer, Rep. Prog. Phys. 77 (4), 042501 (2014).

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  187. D. Turnbull and M. H. Cohen, J. Chem. Phys. 52 (6), 3038 (1970).

    Article  Google Scholar 

  188. F. Spaepen, in Physics of defects. Les Houches Lectures XXXV, Ed. by R. Balian, M. Kleman, and J.-P. Poirier (North-Holland, Amsterdam, 1981), p. 133.

  189. A. I. Taub and F. Spaepen, Acta Metall. 28 (12), 1781 (1980).

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  190. S. Yip, M. F. Sylvester, and A. S. Argon, Comput. Theor. Polym. Sci. 10 (1–2), 235 (2000).

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  191. S. Karmakar, A. Lemaitre, E. Lerner, and I. Procaccia, Phys. Rev. Lett. 104 (21), 215502 (2010).

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  192. C. Maloney and A. Lemaitre, Phys. Rev. Lett. 93 (19), 195501 (2004).

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  193. E. F. Oleinik, S. N. Rudnev, and O. D. Salamatina, Polym. Sci., Ser. A 49 (12), 1302 (2007).

    Article  Google Scholar 

  194. D. M. Marsh, Proc. R. Soc. London, Ser. A 282 (1388), 33 (1964).

    Article  Google Scholar 

  195. S. Veprek, J. Vac. Sci. Technol. 17 (5), 2401 (1999).

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  196. A. S. Argon and S. Veprek, Mater. Res. Soc. Symp. Proc. 697, 3 (2002).

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  197. M. J. Demkowicz and A. S. Argon, Phys. Rev. Lett. 93 (2), 025505 (2004).

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  198. M. J. Demkowicz and A. S. Argon, Phys. Rev. B: Condens. Matter Mater. Phys. 72 (24), 245205 (2005).

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  199. E. F. Oleinik, O. B. Salamatina, E. L. Akopyan, S. N. Rudnev, S. I. Nazarenko, and N. S. Enikolopyan, Khim. Fiz. 3 (6), 885 (1984).

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  200. M. Falk, Science 318 (5858), 1880 (2007).

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  201. L. Malekmotiei, A. Samadi-Dooki, and G. Z. Voyiadjis, Macromolecules 48 (15), 5348 (2015).

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  202. L. Malekmotiei, G. Z. Voyiadjis, A. Samadi-Dooki, F. Lu, and J. Zhou, J. Polym. Sci., Polym. Phys. Ed. 55 (17), 1286 (2017).

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  203. G. Z. Voyiadjis and A. Samadi-Dooki, J. Appl. Phys. 119 (22), 225104 (2016).

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

Download references

Author information

Authors and Affiliations

Authors

Corresponding author

Correspondence to E. F. Oleinik.

Rights and permissions

Reprints and permissions

About this article

Check for updates. Verify currency and authenticity via CrossMark

Cite this article

Oleinik, E.F., Mazo, M.A., Strel’nikov, I.A. et al. Plasticity Mechanism for Glassy Polymers: Computer Simulation Picture. Polym. Sci. Ser. A 60, 1–49 (2018). https://doi.org/10.1134/S0965545X18010042

Download citation

  • Received:

  • Published:

  • Issue Date:

  • DOI: https://doi.org/10.1134/S0965545X18010042

Navigation