Abstract
The thermodynamic properties of amorphous hyperbranched pyridine-containing polyphenylene in the 6 to 650 K range of temperatures are studied for the first time via high-precision adiabatic vacuum calorimetry and differential scanning calorimetry. In the low-temperature range of 9 to 14 K, the polymer shows an anomalous change in heat capacity resembling the G transition in its shape. An exothermic effect is detected starting at T = 400 K, and is thought to be due to cross-linking in the studied sample. Standard thermodynamic functions of the polymer for the range of T → 0 to 400 K and the standard entropy of its formation at T = 298.15 K are calculated from the experimental data by means of classical thermodynamics.
Similar content being viewed by others
REFERENCES
Hyperbranched Polymers: Synthesis, Properties, and Applications, Ed. by D. Yan, C. Gao, and H. Frey (Wiley, Hoboken, NJ, 2011).
B. I. Voit and A. Lederer, Chem. Rev. 109, 5924 (2009).
D. Konkolewicz, M. J. Monteiro, and S. Perrier, Macromolecules 44, 7067 (2011).
G. R. Newkome and C. D. Shreiner, Polymer 49, 1 (2008).
A. M. Muzafarov, N. G. Vasilenko, E. A. Tatarinova, G. M. Ignat’eva, V. M. Myakushev, M. A. Obrezkova, I. B. Meshkov, N. V. Voronina, and O. V. Novozhilov, Polymer Sci., Ser. C 53, 48 (2011).
A. M. Muzafarov, E. A. Tatarinova, N. V. Vasilenko, et al., in Organosilicon Compounds: Experiment (Physico-Chemical Studies) and Applications, Ed. by V. Ya. Lee (Academic, Cambridge, MA, 2017), p. 323.
X. Zheng, I. R. Oviedo, and L. J. Twyman, Macromolecules 41, 7776 (2008).
N. Hu, J. Y. Yin, Q. Tang, et al., J. Polym. Sci., Part A 49, 3826 (2011).
N. Baird, J. W. Dittmar, Y. B. Losovyj, et al., ACS Appl. Mater. Interfaces 9, 2285 (2017).
W. Wu, R. Tang, Q. Li, et al., Chem. Soc. Rev. 44, 3997 (2015).
H. Zhang, A. Patel, A. K. Gaharwar, et al., Biomacromolecules 14, 1299 (2013).
R. Duncan and M. J. Vicent, Adv. Drug Deliv. Rev. 65, 60 (2013).
S. Li, M. Omi, F. Cartieri, et al., Biomacromolecules 19, 3754 (2018).
D. H. Wang, P. Mirau, B. Li, et al., Chem. Mater. 20, 1502 (2008).
Y. Zheng, S. Li, Z. Weng, et al., Chem. Soc. Rev. 44, 4091 (2015).
S. Ghiyasi, M. G. Sari, M. Shabanian, et al., Prog. Org. Coat. 120, 100 (2018).
O. G. Zakharova, N. N. Smirnova, A. V. Markin, et al., Thermochim. Acta 468, 61 (2008).
N. N. Smirnova, Yu. A. Zakharova, V. A. Ruchenin, and O. G. Zamyshlyayeva, Russ. J. Phys. Chem. A 86, 539 (2012).
B. V. Lebedev, T. G. Kulagina, N. N. Smirnova, et al., J. Therm. Anal. Calorim. 74, 735 (2003).
N. N. Smirnova, T. G. Kulagina, A. V. Markin, et al., Thermochim. Acta 425, 39 (2005).
N. N. Smirnova, A. V. Markin, Yu. A. Zakharova, N. V. Kuchkina, A. L. Rusanov, and Z. B. Shifrina, Russ. Chem. Bull. 60, 132 (2011).
N. N. Smirnova, Yu. A. Zakharova, A. V. Markin, N. V. Kuchkina, E. Yu. Yuzik-Klimova, and Z. B. Shifrina, Russ. Chem. Bull. 62, 2258 (2013).
N. N. Smirnova, A. V. Markin, L. Ya. Tsvetkova, N. V. Kuchkina, E. Yu. Yuzik-Klimova and Z. B. Shifrina, Russ. J. Phys. Chem. A 90, 887 (2016).
N. N. Smirnova, A. V. Markin, N. V. Kuchkina, E. Yu. Yuzik-Klimova, A. N. Shushunov and Z. B. Shifrina, Russ. J. Phys. Chem. A 90, 2321 (2016).
N. N. Smirnova, Ya. S. Samosudova, A. V. Markin, et al., J. Chem. Thermodyn. 105, 443 (2017).
N. V. Kuchkina, M. S. Zinatullina, E. S. Serkova, et al., RSC Adv. 5, 99510 (2015).
N. V. Tsvetkov, A. S. Gubarev, E. V. Lebedeva, et al., Polym. Int. 66, 583 (2017).
J. Meija, T. B. Coplen, M. Berglund, et al., Pure Appl. Chem. 88, 265 (2016).
V. M. Malyshev, G. A. Mil’ner, E. L. Sorkin, et al., Prib. Tekh. Eksp., No. 6, 195 (1985).
R. M. Varushchenko, A. I. Druzhinina, and E. L. Sorkin, J. Chem. Thermodyn. 29, 623 (1997).
R. Sabbah, A. Xu-wu, J. S. Chickos, et al., Thermochim. Acta 331, 93 (1999).
G. W. H. Höhne, W. F. Hemminger, and H.-J. Flammersheim, Differential Scanning Calorimetry (Springer, Berlin, Heidelberg, 2003).
V. A. Drebushchak, J. Therm. Anal. Calorim. 79, 213 (2005).
B. Wunderlich and H. Bauer, Heat Capacities of Linear Polymers (Springer, Berlin, 1970).
G. Adam and J. H. Gibbs, J. Chem. Phys. 43, 139 (1965).
W. Kauzmann, Chem. Rev. 43, 219 (1948).
A. B. Bestul and S. S. Chang, J. Chem. Phys. 40, 3731 (1964).
V. B. Lazarev, A. D. Izotov, K. S. Gavrichev, et al., Thermochim. Acta 269–270, 109 (1995).
O. V. Shebershneva, A. D. Izotov, K. S. Gavrichev, and V. B. Lazarev, Inorg. Mater. 32, 28 (1996).
P. Debye, Ann. Phys. (N.Y.) 344, 789 (1912).
Experimental Thermodynamics, Vol. 1: Calorimetry of Non-Reacting Systems, Ed. by J. P. McCullough and D. W. Scott (Butterworth, London, 1968).
M. W. Chase, Jr., J. Phys. Chem. Ref. Data, Monograph 1–2 (9), 1 (1998).
Funding
This work was supported by the Russian Foundation for Basic Research, project nos. 19-03-00248 and 17-03-00578; and by the RF Ministry of Science and Higher Education (project no. 4.5510.2017/8.9).
Author information
Authors and Affiliations
Corresponding author
Additional information
Translated by K. Utegenov
Rights and permissions
About this article
Cite this article
Smirnova, N.N., Markin, A.V., Sologubov, S.S. et al. Thermodynamic Properties of a Hyperbranched Pyridine-Containing Polyphenylene in the Range of T → 0 to 650 K. Russ. J. Phys. Chem. 94, 261–269 (2020). https://doi.org/10.1134/S0036024420010318
Received:
Revised:
Accepted:
Published:
Issue Date:
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1134/S0036024420010318