Molecular analysis of streptogramin resistance in enterococci
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Ferrite doped metal–organic framework: Novel material for photocatalytic degradation of antibiotics in the polluted water system – A review
2023, Environmental Nanotechnology, Monitoring and ManagementVancomycin-Resistant Enterococci: Therapeutic Challenges in the 21st Century
2016, Infectious Disease Clinics of North AmericaCitation Excerpt :Reduced susceptibility to Q/D in E faecium is mediated by several mechanisms. First, modification of dalfopristin via the acetyltransferases VatD and VatE reduces binding affinity owing to steric hindrance, disrupting the bactericidal synergy of the 2 compounds.106 Enzymatic cleavage of the ring structure of quinupristin by the lactonases VgbA and VgbB, originally described in staphylococci, leads to inactivation of the compound.107
Antibiotic resistant enterococci-Tales of a drug resistance gene trafficker
2013, International Journal of Medical MicrobiologyCitation Excerpt :Therapeutic alternatives to treat infections with multi- and vancomycin-resistant enterococci (VRE) are limited to antibiotics of last resort (quinupristin/dalfopristin, linezolid, tigecycline, daptomycin). However, they are only approved for certain indications, and resistances to those drugs have already been reported (Arias et al., 2011; Werner et al., 2002, 2008b). From a medical perspective acquired resistance to glycopeptides (vancomycin/teicoplanin; genotypes vanA-N) is the key resistance trait in enterococci, as is the case for methicillin resistance in S. aureus (Courvalin, 2006; Werner, 2012).
Mobile genetic elements and their contribution to the emergence of antimicrobial resistant Enterococcus faecalis and Enterococcus faecium
2010, Clinical Microbiology and InfectionCitation Excerpt :Several mechanisms of acquired Q/D resistance have been described in E. faecium, including 23S rRNA gene methylation, enzymatic inactivation of streptogramin A and efflux pumps [133,134]. Enterococcal plasmids harbouring vat(D) and vat(E) determinants encoding acetyltransferases and determinants for MLSB resistance inactivating streptogramins A and B have been described [135–137]. Only sporadic enterococcal isolates with phenotypic intermediate or borderline resistance (MIC = 0.5/≥1 mg/L) are reported in larger clinical trials.
Evaluation of the quinupristin/dalfopristin breakpoints for Enterococcus faecium
2009, International Journal of Antimicrobial AgentsPrevalence of streptogramin resistance in enterococci from animals: identification of vatD from animal sources in the USA
2007, International Journal of Antimicrobial AgentsCitation Excerpt :Southern analysis of the plasmids using a vatD probe revealed that the gene was located on plasmids, suggesting that dissemination of vatD among enterococci may be possible, although at low frequency. Results from this study indicate that Q/D resistance among enterococci from animal and environmental sources may not be as prevalent as previously reported [10,36]. It is interesting to note that even with the long history of virginiamycin use in animals, genes mediating resistance to Q/D were not widespread among the isolates.