Abstract
Retail chains such as Wal-Mart, Carrefour, Aldi and Tesco are turning to developing economies for fresh opportunities as a result of intense domestic competition and saturation in developed-country markets. High growth rates, growing middle class and relatively weak competitors in those countries are attractive factors, and these are found in much of Africa (Weatherspoon and Reardon, 2003). There has been a noticeable drive by developed and emerging economy firms to launch into African markets (Ibeh, Wilson and Chizema, 2012). Intra-African internationalization is also taking place, notably of South African (Dakora, 2010), and to a lesser extent, Nigerian firms (Bolaji and Chris, 2014), in spite of inherent challenging country factors (Dakora and Bytheway, 2014).
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Ajai, O. (2015). Failure of Africa-to-Africa Internationalization: Key Factors and Lessons. In: Adeleye, I., Ibeh, K., Kinoti, A., White, L. (eds) The Changing Dynamics of International Business in Africa. AIB Sub-Saharan Africa (SSA) Series. Palgrave Macmillan, London. https://doi.org/10.1057/9781137516541_8
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