Abstract
The events in Rwanda and Zaire during the past four years serve as powerful testimony for a long-ignored but increasingly obvious fact: violent conflict occurs much less frequently between sovereign nations now than it does within countries. Almost none of the major armed conflicts in the 1990s has been unambiguously country-against-country.
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Notes
See, for example, Gerald B. Helman and Steven R. Ratner, ‘Saving Failed States’, Foreign Policy (Winter 1992–93).
James N. Rosenau, ‘New Dimensions of Security: The Interaction of Globalizing and Localizing Dynamics’, Security Dialogue (September 1994).
Sandra Postel, Last Oasis: Facing Water Scarcity ( New York: W.W. Norton amp; Company, 1992 ).
William K. Stevens, ‘Scientists Say Earth’s Warming Could Set Off Wide Disruptions’, New York Times, 18 September 1995.
Thomas F. Homer-Dixon, ‘Environmental Scarcities and Violent Conflict: Evidence from Cases’, International Security (Summer 1994); Myers, op. cit. note 8.
Alan B. Durning, Poverty and the Environment: Reversing the Downward Spiral, Worldwatch Paper 92 ( Washington, D.C.: Worldwatch Institute, November 1989 ).
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© 1999 University of Otago
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Renner, M. (1999). Fighting for Survival: Environmental Decline, Social Conflict, and the New Age of Insecurity. In: Patman, R.G. (eds) Security in a Post-Cold War World. Palgrave Macmillan, London. https://doi.org/10.1057/9780230377059_7
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DOI: https://doi.org/10.1057/9780230377059_7
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