Biomechanik der Hüfte und des proximalen Femurs

 

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Zusammenfassung

Die Hüfte spielte in der Evolution des Menschen und die Entwicklung seiner grundlegendsten motorischen Fähigkeiten wie Stehen oder Gehen eine wichtige Rolle. Gerade durch diese Fähigkeiten wird das Hüftgelenk jedoch stark beansprucht und Verletzungen oder Erkrankungen sind besonders störend. Deutlich wird dies bei Arthrose oder hüftnahen Frakturen. Betroffene leiden unter einer teilweise starken Einschränkung der Mobilität und einer verminderten Lebensqualität. Da der Hüfte primär eine biomechanische Funktion zukommt, ist das Verständnis der Biomechanik des Hüftgelenks essenziell. Für die Biomechanik der Hüfte spielen vor allem die um das Gelenk wirkenden Muskeln eine große Rolle. Die Muskelkräfte verursachen Dehnungen im Femur, die für dessen Morphologie entscheidend sind. Um den wirkenden Kräften standzuhalten, optimiert er seine eigene Topologie durch ein an mechanische Reize adaptiertes Knochenwachstum. Wie die Dehnungsverteilung und die entsprechende Topologie im Femur genau aussieht ist Teil vieler Studien. Dieses Wissen ist vor allem dann wichtig, wenn hüftgelenksnahe Frakturen mit Implantaten versorgt werden müssen oder Endoprothesen zum Einsatz kommen.

Summary

The hip had a vital role in the evolution of the human and the development of its basic motor abilities like standing or walking. But exactly these abilities stress the hip joint and consequential injuries or pathologies are very bothersome. This is especially true for arthrosis or hip fractures. Hip patients are afflicted with decreased mobility and quality of life. Understanding the biomechanics of the hip is essential because the hip has a primary biomechanical function. Most important for this function are the muscles that act around the hip joint. The muscle forces cause strains in the femur which affect its morphology. To withstand the prevalent forces the femur optimizes its topology by a change of bone mass adapted to mechanical stimuli. How the strain distribution and the according topology of the femur look like is part of many research studies. The knowledge about the mechanical situation in the hip is particularly important, when hip fracture implants or endoprostheses are to be applied.

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