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Movement disorders in sleep: Gilles de la tourette syndrome, huntington's disease, and dystonia

Motorische Störungen im Schlaf: Gilles de la Tourette Syndrom, M. Huntington und Dystonie

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Summary

Sleep disorders in patients with Parkinson's syndromes have been analysed and reported extensively during the last few years. More recently, an increasing number of sleep abnormalities has been recognised in patients with rare movement disorders. In patients with Gilles de la Tourette syndrome, Huntington's disease, and torsion dystonia, moyement characteristics of the wake condition were also reported in sleep. Tremor, chorea, dystonic spasms, and tics were all found to reappear during sleep, most commonly after an awakening, during shift to a lighter sleep stage and during sleep stage 1. Involuntary movements during sleep are often associated with arousal phenomena. Therefore, motor activity during sleep may disturb sleep quality and quantity and is often associated with daytime sleepiness and impaired sleep quality. Sleep complaints in patients with movement disorders are frequent and should be treated individually with consideration of different treatment strategies. This review focuses on nocturnal motor activity and sleep in Gilles de la Tourette syndrome, Huntington's disease, and torsion dystonia.

Zusammenfassung

Schlafstörungen bei Parkinson-Syndromen sind in den vergangenen Jahren weitgehend analysiert und beschrieben worden. In letzter Zeit wurden auch bei Patienten mit selteneren Bewegungsstörungen zunehmend Auffälligkeiten während des Schlafes beobachtet. So zeigten fast alle Patienten mit Gilles de la Tourette Syndrom, Chorea Huntington und Dystonie charakteristische Bewegungsmuster auch während des Schlafes. Tremor, Chorea, dystone Spasmen und Tics können jeweils auch im Schlaf auftreten, meistens nach kurzem Erwachen, während eines Schlafstadienwechsels in ein leichteres Schlafstadium und während des Schlafstadiums I. Unwillkürliche Bewegungen während des Schlafes sind häufig mit einem Arousalereignis assoziiert. Somit kann die motorische Aktivität während des Schlafes die Schlafquantität und auch die Schlafqualität beeinträchtigen und zu einer vermehrten Schläfrigkeit während des Tages sowie zu einer verminderten Lebensqualität führen. Schlafstörungen bei Patienten mit Bewegungsstörungen sind häufig und sollten individuell unter Berücksichtigung verschiedener Therapiestrategien behandelt werden. In dieser Übersichtsarbeit werden nächtliche motorische Aktivität und Schlaf beim Gilles de la Tourette Syndrom, M. Huntington und bei der Dystonie beschrieben.

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  1. Department of Clinical Neurophysiology, University of Göttingen, Robert-Koch-Str 40, 37075, Göttingen, Germany

    Svenja Happe & Calaudia Trenkwalder

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  1. Svenja Happe
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  2. Calaudia Trenkwalder
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Correspondence to Svenja Happe.

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Happe, S., Trenkwalder, C. Movement disorders in sleep: Gilles de la tourette syndrome, huntington's disease, and dystonia. Somnologie 6, 63–67 (2002). https://doi.org/10.1046/j.1439-054X.2002.02181.x

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