Direct synthesis of electrowettable nanostructured hybrid diamond

Sujit Deshmukh; Kamatchi Jothiramalingam Sankaran; Debosmita Banerjee; Chien-Jui Yeh; Key-Chyang Leou; Deodatta Maheshwar Phase; Mukul Gupta; I.-Nan Lin; Ken Haenen; Susanta Sinha Roy; Prashant R. Waghmare

doi:10.1039/C9TA04165F

Direct synthesis of electrowettable nanostructured hybrid diamond†

Sujit Deshmukh,^ab Kamatchi Jothiramalingam Sankaran,

^cd Debosmita Banerjee,^a Chien-Jui Yeh,^e Key-Chyang Leou,^e Deodatta Maheshwar Phase,^f Mukul Gupta,

^f I.-Nan Lin,^g Ken Haenen,

^cd Susanta Sinha Roy*^a and Prashant R. Waghmare

*^b

Author affiliations

* Corresponding authors

^a Department of Physics, School of Natural Sciences, Shiv Nadar University, NH-91, Uttar Pradesh 201314, India
E-mail: susanta.roy@snu.edu.in

^b interfacial Science and Surface Engineering Lab (iSSELab), Department of Mechanical Engineering, University of Alberta, Edmonton, Alberta T6G2G8, Canada
E-mail: waghmare@ualberta.ca

^c Institute for Materials Research (IMO), Hasselt University, Diepenbeek, Belgium

^d IMOMEC, IMEC vzw, Diepenbeek, Belgium

^e Department of Engineering and System Science, National Tsing Hua University, Hsinchu, Taiwan, Republic of China

^f UGC-DAE Consortium for Scientific Research, University Campus, Khandwa Road, Indore 452017, India

^g Department of Physics, Tamkang University, Tamsui, Taiwan, Republic of China

Abstract

The possibilities of precise control over the wetting characteristics of carbon-based hybrid nanostructures consisting of both sp² and sp³ hybridized carbons using the electrowetting technique were demonstrated. An excellent polarity-dependent electrowetting behavior in the presence of an electrolyte followed an abrupt transition from the highly hydrophobic (contact angle ∼ 142°) Cassie–Baxter states to a hydrophilic (∼30°) Wenzel state, where diamond films acted as the anode. In addition, we also reported a remarkable transition from weakly hydrophobic to nearly superhydrophobic diamond nanostructures by chemical and morphological manipulations. The unique structural properties with precisely tailored morphology and surface roughness enabled such transitions on the nanostructured surface. This approach of preparing environmental stable hydrophobic surfaces with polarity-dependent wetting and precise control of the wetting mode transition could be used in numerous applications such as the electrochemical transport of liquids, supercapacitors, and low-friction microfluidics.

Journal of Materials Chemistry A

Direct synthesis of electrowettable nanostructured hybrid diamond†

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