Issue 19, 2013
From the journal:

Journal of Materials Chemistry B

Chitosan nanomagnets for effective extraction and sensitive mass spectrometric detection of pathogenic bacterial endotoxin from human urine†

Judy Gopal,ac   Hani Nasser Abdelhamid,a   Pei-Yang Huaa  and  Hui-Fen Wu*abcd  

* Corresponding authors

a Department of Chemistry, National Sun Yat-Sen University, Kaohsiung, Taiwan
E-mail: hwu@faculty.nsysu.edu.tw
Fax: +886-7-5253908
Tel: +886-7-5252000-3955

b School of Pharmacy, College of Pharmacy, Kaohsiung Medical University, Kaohsiung, Taiwan

c Center for Nanoscience and Nanotechnology, National Sun Yat-Sen University, Kaohsiung, Taiwan

d Doctoral Degree Program in Marine Biotechnology, National Sun Yat-Sen University, Kaohsiung, Taiwan

Abstract

Direct analysis and profiling of a complex endotoxin without any prior purification or sample treatment techniques using chitosan nanomagnets coupled with MALDI-MS techniques has been demonstrated. Surface modified magnetic nanoparticles such as Fe3O4 and CuFeO2 with chitosan were synthesized and characterized by using UV, TEM, and FTIR. Endotoxin (lipopolysaccharides (LPS)) was spiked into human urine and recovery enabled using chitosan nanomagnets. For the first time, the use of CuFeO2@chitosan and Fe3O4@chitosan nanomagnets for affinity based separation and enrichment of trace levels of endotoxin and direct detection using MALDI-MS has been successfully achieved. The chitosan nanomagnet based recovery of endotoxin from urine samples showed a high degree of sensitivity compared to the conventional MALDI-MS analysis, where the lowest detectable endotoxin concentration was 30 mg mL−1 (0.15 mg, 5 μL). The Fe3O4@chitosan nanomagnet approach has 67 times higher sensitivity at 450 μg mL−1 (2.25 μg, 5 μL) compared to the direct MALDI-MS analysis. However, CuFeO2@chitosan nanomagnets appeared to be more effective than Fe3O4@chitosan nanomagnets (about 4 times) and 250 times more sensitive for separation at 120 μg mL−1 (0.6 μg, 5 μL) and detection of endotoxin from urine. The current approach proposes a novel MALDI-MS platform using the chitosan nanomagnets for extraction/detection of endotoxin from clinical samples such as human urine which can be further applied for biomedicine/clinical application for rapid, sensitive, direct and effective detection for bacterial infections.

Graphical abstract: Chitosan nanomagnets for effective extraction and sensitive mass spectrometric detection of pathogenic bacterial endotoxin from human urine

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Article information

DOI
https://doi.org/10.1039/C3TB20079E
Article type
Paper
Submitted
20 Jan 2013
Accepted
26 Feb 2013
First published
21 Mar 2013

J. Mater. Chem. B, 2013,1, 2463-2475

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Chitosan nanomagnets for effective extraction and sensitive mass spectrometric detection of pathogenic bacterial endotoxin from human urine

J. Gopal, H. N. Abdelhamid, P. Hua and H. Wu, J. Mater. Chem. B, 2013, 1, 2463 DOI: 10.1039/C3TB20079E

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