Issue 12, 2001

Stereochemistry of selenium- and tellurium-bridged heteromerous bistricyclic aromatic enes. The fluorenylidenechalcoxanthene series

Abstract

The effects of selenium and tellurium bridges on the conformations and dynamic stereochemical behavior of heteromerous bistricyclic aromatic enes (1) were studied. 9-(9′H-Fluoren-9′-ylidene)-9H-selenoxanthene (9) and 9-(9′H-fluoren-9′-ylidene)-9H-telluroxanthene (10) were synthesized, applying Barton's two-fold extrusion diazo–thione coupling method, which is especially suited for heteromerous 1. The isopropyl derivatives 14, 15 and the benzannulated derivatives 16, 17, and 18 were prepared analogously. The structures of 9, 10, 14, 15, and 16–18 were established by 1H, 13C, 77Se, and 125Te NMR spectroscopy and in the cases of 9 and 10 also by X-ray analysis. The molecules of 9 and 10 adopted anti-folded and folded conformations with 56.3/62.0° and 10.2/8.0° (9) and 63.6 and 2.2° (10) folding dihedrals, higher than in 7 and 8. The degrees of pyramidalization of C9 and C9′ were 2.8/3.9° and 0.9/2.1° (9) and 8 and 15° (10). Considerable overcrowding was evident in the short Se10C9 and Te10C9 contact distances in 9 and 10. The crystal structures of 10 indicated relatively short intermolecular TeTe distances (408 pm). The 13C NMR chemical shifts of 9, 10, 9-(9′H-fluoren-9′-ylidene)-9H-xanthene (12) and 9-(9′H-fluoren-9′-ylidene)-9H-thioxanthene (13) indicated a variation in C9 of the chalcoxanthenylidene moiety, ascribed to through space interactions of Se, Te and S with C9. The 77Se and 125Te NMR signals of 9–10 and 14–17 were shifted downfield relative to the homomerous 7 and 8. A DNMR study of 14 and 15 gave ΔGc (conformational inversion) = 14.4 (14) and 19.4 kcal mol−1 (15) and ΔGc (E,Z-topomerizations) > 21.6 kcal mol−1, indicating an increase of ΔGc in the fluorenylidenechalcoxanthenes series (11): O < S < Se < Te. The fluorenylidene-derived 1 were found to show distinct behavior for conformational inversions and E,Z-isomerizations. Semiempirical PM3 calculations of 9 and 10 indicated that unevenly anti-folded conformations were most stable. Conformational inversions of 9 and 10 proceed via the twisted transition states corresponding to calculated barriers of 14.8 and 21.6 kcal mol−1 in excellent agreement with experiment. The E,Z-isomerizations proceed via orthogonally twisted biradical transition states with predicted barriers of 27.0 and 34.0 kcal mol−1 for 9 and 10, respectively.

Graphical abstract: Stereochemistry of selenium- and tellurium-bridged heteromerous bistricyclic aromatic enes. The fluorenylidenechalcoxanthene series

Supplementary files

Article information

Article type
Paper
Submitted
04 Jun 2001
Accepted
22 Aug 2001
First published
02 Nov 2001

J. Chem. Soc., Perkin Trans. 2, 2001, 2329-2341

Stereochemistry of selenium- and tellurium-bridged heteromerous bistricyclic aromatic enes. The fluorenylidenechalcoxanthene series

A. Levy, P. U. Biedermann, S. Cohen and I. Agranat, J. Chem. Soc., Perkin Trans. 2, 2001, 2329 DOI: 10.1039/B104858A

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