Abstract
Probing behavior of adult apterous Brevicoryne brassicae (L.) was monitored with the electical penetration graph (EPG) technique on Sinapis alba L. Old, young, and mature leaves, as well as the generally preferred stems were compared with respect to probing activity and glucosinolate content. Compared to leaves, EPGs on stems showed much prolonged initial probes, which more often led to phloem-phase waveforms and successively to sustained phloem ingestion. However, reaching the first phloem phase within a probe was delayed on stems so that the time to the first phloem phase within the experiment was rather similar on the different plant parts. This suggests that superficial (epidermal and mesophyll) factors are more favorable in stems than in leaves but for deeper tissues, i.e., mesophyll and vascular bundle cells, the situation seems reversed, except for the phloem sieve elements, which seemed more or at least equally suitable. 3-Butenyl, p-hydroxybenzyl, and benzyl glucosinolates were found in all parts. It is concluded that further research on distribution and compartmentation of glucosinolates within plant tissues is needed for a better understanding of the correlations found with some B. brassicae probing parameters.
Similar content being viewed by others
REFERENCES
BETZ, J. M., and PAGE, S. W. 1990. Liquid chromatographic method for the determination of intact, non-derivatized glucosinolates from Brassicaceae, pp. 103–104, in Proceedings of the Symposium Biology and Chemistry of Active Natural Substances. Bonn, July 1990.
BLACKMAN, R. L., and EASTOP, V. F. 1985. Aphids on the World's Crops: An Identification Guide. John Wiley & Sons, New York, pp. 413.
CAILLAUD, C. M., PIERRE, J. S., CHAUBET, B., and DIPIETRO, J. P. 1995. Analysis of wheat resistance to the cereal aphid Sitobion avenae using electrical penetration graphs and flow charts combined with correspondence analysis. Entomol. Exp. Appl. 75:9–18.
CHEW, F. S. 1988. Searching for defensive chemistry in the Cruciferae, or, do glucosinolates always control interactions of Cruciferae with their potential herbivores and symbionts? No!, pp. 81–112, in K. C. Spencer (ed.), Chemical Mediation of Coevolution. Academic Press, San Diego.
COLE, R. A. 1994. Locating a resistance mechanism to the cabbage aphid in two wild brassicas. Entomol. Exp. Appl. 71:32–31.
DODD, G. D., andVAN EMDEN, H. F. 1979. Shifts in host plant resistance to the cabbage aphid (Brevicoryne brassicae) exhibited by brussels sprout plant. Ann. Appl. Biol. 91:251–262.
FENWICK, G. R., HEANEY R. K., and MULLIN, W. J. 1983. Glucosinolates and their breakdown products in food and foodplants. CRC Crit. Rev. Food Sci. Nutr. 18:123–202.
GABRYS, B. 1991. Distribution of Brevicoryne brassicae and Myzus persicae on yellow mustard plant, pp. 303–305 in Proceedings, Conference Insect Chemical Ecology, Tabor, 1990, Academia, Prague, and SPB Academic Publishers, The Hague.
GINOVICH, A., and NIEMEYER, H. M. 1991. Hydroxyamic acids affecting barley yellow dwarf virus transmission by the aphid Rhopalosiphum padi. Entomol. Exp. Appl. 59:79–85.
KLINGAUF, F. A. 1987. Feeding, adaptation and excretion, pp. 225–248, in A. K. Minks and P. Hareewijn (eds.). Aphids, Their Biology, Natural Enemies and Control, Vol. 2A. Elsevier, Amsterdam.
MATILE, P. 1984. Das toxische Kompartiment der Pflanzenzelle. Naturwissenschaften 71:18–24.
MERRITT, S. Z. 1996. Within-plant variation in concentrations of amino acids, sugar, and sinigrin in phloem sap of black mustard, Brassica nigra (L.) Koch (Curciferae). J. Chem. Ecol. 22:1133–1145.
MILES, P. W., ASPINALL, D., and ROSENBERG, L. 1982. Performance of the cabbage aphid, Brevicoryne brassicae (L.), on water stressed rape plants, in relation to changes in their chemical composition. Aust. J. Zool. 30:337–345.
MONTLLOR, C. B., and TJALLINGII, W. F. 1989. Stylet penetration by two aphid species on susceptible and resistant lettuce. Entomol. Exp. Appl. 52:103–111.
NAULT, L. R., and STYER W. E. 1972. Effects of sinigrin on host selection by aphids. Entomol. Exp. Appl. 15:423–437.
PRADO, E., and TJALLINGII, W. F. 1993. Aphid activities during sieve element punctures, pp. 109–112, in P. Kindlmann and A. F. G. Dixon (eds.). Critical Issues in Aphid Biology. Proceedings, 4th International Symposium on Aphids, Ceske Budejovice.
TJALLINGII, W. F. 1985. Membrane potentials as an indication for plant cell penetration by aphid stylets. Entomol. Exp. Appl. 38:187–194.
TJALLINGII, W. F. 1988. Electrical recording of stylet penetration activities, pp. 95–108, in A. K. Minks and P. Harrweijn (eds.). Aphids, Their Biology, Natural Enemies and Control, Vol. 2B. Elsevier, Amsterdam.
TJALLINGII, W. F. 1990. Stylet penetration parameters from aphids in relation to host-plant resistance. Symp. Biol. Hung. 39:411–419.
TJALLINGII, W. F. 1995. Aphid-plant interactions: What goes on in the depth of the tissues? Proc. Exp. Appl. Entomol. 6:163–169.
TJALLINGII, W. F., and HOGEN ESCH, T. 1993. Fine structure of aphid stylet routes in plant tissues in correlation with EPG signals. Physiol. Entomol. 18:317–328.
TJALLINGII, W. F., and MAYORAL, A. 1992. Criteria for host-plant acceptance by aphids, pp. 280–282, in S. B. J. Menken, J. H. Visser, and P. Harrewijn (eds.). Proceedings 8th International Symposium on Insect-Plant Relationships. Kluwer Academic Publishers, Dordrecht.
VAN EMDEN, H. F. 1978. Insects and secondary plant substances—an altemative viewpoint with special reference to aphids, pp. 309–323, in J. B. Harborne (ed.). Biochemical Aspects of Plant and Animal Coevolution. Academic Press, London.
VAN EMDEN, H. F., and BASHFORD, M. A. 1969. A comparison of the reproduction of Brevicoryne brassicae and Myzus persicae in relation to soluble nitrogen concentration and leaf age (leaf position) in the Brussels sprout plant. Entomol. Exp. Appl. 12:351–364.
VAN HELDEN M., and TJALLINGII, W. F. 1993. Tissue localization of lettuce resistance to the aphid Nasonovia ribisnigri using electrical penetration graphs. Entomol. Exp. Appl. 68:269–278.
VAN HOOF, H. A. 1958. An investigation of the biological transmission of a nonpersistent virus, pp. 81–112, in A. Van Putten and B. Oortmeijer. Alkmaar. Academic Press, New York.
WEBER, G., OSWALD, S., and ZOLLNER, U. 1986. Suitability of rape cultivars with a different glucosinolate content for Brevicoryne brassicae (L.) and Myzus persicae (Sulzer) (Hemiptera, Aphididae). J. Plant. Dis. Prot. 93:113–124.
WENSLER, R. J. D. 1962. Mode of host selection by an aphid. Nature 195:830–831.
Author information
Authors and Affiliations
Rights and permissions
About this article
Cite this article
Gabrys, B., Tjallingii, W.F. & Van Beek, T.A. Analysis of EPG Recorded Probing by Cabbage Aphid on Host Plant Parts with Different Glucosinolate Contents. J Chem Ecol 23, 1661–1673 (1997). https://doi.org/10.1023/B:JOEC.0000006442.56544.1a
Issue Date:
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1023/B:JOEC.0000006442.56544.1a