Skip to main content
Log in

Personality and High-Maintenance Employee Behavior

  • Published:
Journal of Business and Psychology Aims and scope Submit manuscript

Abstract

We applied the Abridged Big Five Dimensional Circumplex (AB5C) model (Hofstee, de Raad, & Goldberg, 1992; Johnson & Ostendorf, 1993) to examine the intertwined influence of conscientiousness and agreeableness on high-maintenance employee behavior. Specifically, we investigated whether these two traits help to mutually paint a portrait of individuals who engage in chronic and annoying behavioral responses in the workplace. Results of hierarchical regression analyses on matched data collected from 338 clerical workers indicated, as hypothesized, that among highly conscientious employees, those low in agreeableness received higher supervisory ratings of high-maintenance behavior than workers high in agreeableness. Implications for research and practice are highlighted.

This is a preview of subscription content, log in via an institution to check access.

Access this article

We’re sorry, something doesn't seem to be working properly.

Please try refreshing the page. If that doesn't work, please contact support so we can address the problem.

Similar content being viewed by others

REFERENCES

  • Adler, S. (1994). Personality tests for sales force selection: Worth a fresh look. Review of Business, 16, 27.

    Google Scholar 

  • Arthur, W., Jr., Woehr, D. J., & Graziano, W. G. (2001). Personality testing in employment settings: Problems and issues in the application of typical selection practices. Personnel Review, 30, 657-677.

    Google Scholar 

  • Barrick, M. R., Mount, M. K., & Strauss, J. P. (1993). Conscientiousness and performance on sales representatives: Test of the mediating effects of goal setting. Journal of Applied Psychology, 78, 715-722.

    Google Scholar 

  • Borman, W. C., & Motowidlo, S. J. (1997). Task performance and contextual performance: The meaning for personnel selection research. Human Performance, 10, 99-109.

    Google Scholar 

  • Burke, L.A. (In press). High-maintenance students: A conceptual exploration and implications for instructions. Journal of Management Education.

  • Campbell, C.H., Ford, P., Rumsey, M.G., Pulakos, E.D., Borman, W.C., Felker, D.B., DeVera, M.V., & Riegelhaupt, B.J. (1990). Development of multiple job performance measures in a representative sample of jobs. Personnel Psychology, 43, 277-301.

    Google Scholar 

  • Champoux, J., & Peters, W. (1987). Form, effect size, and power in moderated regression analysis. Journal of Occupational Psychology, 60, 243-255.

    Google Scholar 

  • Chaplin, W.F. (1991). The next generation of moderator research in personality psychology. Journal of Personality, 59, 143-178.

    Google Scholar 

  • Cohen, J. (1988). Statistical power analysis for the behavioral sciences (2nd ed.). Hillsdale, NJ: Erlbaum.

    Google Scholar 

  • Conway, J. M. (1999). Distinguishing contextual performance from task performance for managerial jobs. Journal of Applied Psychology, 84, 3-13.

    Google Scholar 

  • Cortina, J.M., Doherty, M.L., Schmitt, N, Kaufman, G., & Smith, R.G. (1992). The “Big Five” Personality Factors in the IPI and MMPI: Predictors of police performance. Personnel Psychology, 45, 119-142.

    Google Scholar 

  • Cortina, J. M., Goldstein, N. B., Payne, S. C., Davison, H. K., & Gilliland, S. W. (2000). The incremental validity of interview scores over and above cognitive ability and conscientiousness scores. Personnel Psychology, 53, 325-352.

    Google Scholar 

  • De Raad, B., & Doddema-Winsemius, M. (1999). Instincts and personality. Personality and Individual Differences, 27, 293-305.

    Google Scholar 

  • Digman, J. (1990). Personality structure: Emergence of the five-factor model. Annual Review of Psychology, 41, 417-440.

    Google Scholar 

  • Digman, J. M., & Takemoto-Chock, N. K. (1981). Factors in the natural language of personality: Re-analysis, comparison, and interpretation of six major studies. Multivariate Behavioral Research, 16, 148-170.

    Google Scholar 

  • Dunn, W. S., Mount, M. K., Barrick, M. R., & Ones, D. S. (1995). Relative importance of personality and general mental ability in managers' judgments of applicant qualifications. Journal of Applied Psychology, 80, 500-510.

    Google Scholar 

  • Fiske, D. W. (1949). Consistency in the factorial structures of personality ratings from different sources. Journal of Abnormal and Social Psychology, 44, 329-344.

    Google Scholar 

  • Goffin, R. D., Rothstein, M. G., & Johnston, N. G. (1996). Personality testing and the assessment center: Incremental validity for managerial selection. Journal of Applied Psychology, 81, 746-756.

    Google Scholar 

  • Goleman, D. (1998). Working with emotional intelligence. New York: Bantam Books.

    Google Scholar 

  • Grensing-Pophal, L. (2001, February). High-maintenance employees. HR Magazine, 46, 86-91.

    Google Scholar 

  • Hofstee, W. K. B., De Raad, B., & Goldberg, L. (1992). Integration of the big five & circumplex approaches to trait structure. Journal of Personality & Social Psychology, 65, 563-76.

    Google Scholar 

  • Hofstee, W. K. B., Ten-Berge, J. M. F., & Hendriks, A. A. J. (1998). How to score questionnaires. Personality and Individual Differences, 25, 897-909.

    Google Scholar 

  • Hogan, J., & Hogan, R. (1989). How to measure employee reliability. Journal of Applied Psychology, 74, 273-280.

    Google Scholar 

  • Hogan, R., Hogan J., & Roberts, B. W. (1996). Personality measurement and employment decisions: Questions and answers. American Psychologist, 51, 469-477.

    Google Scholar 

  • Hough, L. M., Eaton, N. K., Dunnette, M. S., Kamp, J. D., & McCloy, R. A. (1990). Criterion-related validities of personality constructs and the effects of response distortion on those validities [Monograph]. Journal of Applied Psychology, 75, 581-595.

    Google Scholar 

  • Howard, A. (1986). College experiences and managerial performance. Journal of Applied Psychology, 71, 530-552.

    Google Scholar 

  • Hurtz, G. M., & Donovan, J. J. (2000). Personality and job performance: The Big Five revisited. Journal of Applied Psychology, 85, 869-879.

    Google Scholar 

  • John, O. P., & Srivastava, S. (1999). The “Big Five” trait taxonomy: History, measurement, and theoretical perspectives. In L. Pervin and O. P. John (Eds.), Handbook of personality: Theory and research (Second edition; pp. 102-138). New York: Guilford.

    Google Scholar 

  • Johnson, J. A., & Ostendorf, F. (1993). Clarification of the Five-Factor Model with the abridged big five dimensional circumplex. Journal of Personality & Social Psychology, 65, 563-576.

    Google Scholar 

  • Lorr, M., & Youniss, R. P. (1974). An inventory of interpersonal style. Journal of Personality Assessment, 37, 165-173.

    Google Scholar 

  • McCrae, R. R., & John, O. P. (1992). An introduction to the five-factor model and its applications. Journal of Personality, 60, 175-216.

    Google Scholar 

  • McHenry, J. J., Hough, L. M., Toquam, J. L., Hanson, M. A., & Ashworth, S. (1990). Project A validity results: The relationship between predictor and criterion domains. Personnel Psychology, 43, 335-354.

    Google Scholar 

  • Mount, M. K., & Barrick, M. R. (1995). Manual for the Personal Characteristics Inventory. Libertyville, IL: Wonderlic Personnel Test, Inc.

    Google Scholar 

  • Mount, M. K., & Barrick, M. R. (1998). Five reasons why the “Big Five” article has been frequently cited. Personnel Psychology, 51, 849-857.

    Google Scholar 

  • Mount, M. K., Barrick, M. R., Laffitte, L., & Callans, M. (1999). The personal characteristics inventory manual. Libertyville, IL: The Wonderlic Corporation.

    Google Scholar 

  • Norman, W. T. (1963). Toward an adequate taxonomy of personality attributes: Replicated factor structure in peer nomination personality ratings. Journal of Abnormal and Social Psychology, 66, 574-583.

    Google Scholar 

  • O'Leary-Kelly, A. M., Griffin, R. W., & Glew, D. J. (1996). Organization-motivated aggression: A research framework. Academy of Management Review, 21, 225-253.

    Google Scholar 

  • Peabody, D., & Goldberg, L. R. (1989). Some determinants of factor structures from personality-trait descriptors. Journal of Personality and Social Psychology, 57, 552-567.

    Google Scholar 

  • Podsakoff, P., & Organ, D.O. (1986). Self reports in organizational research: Problems and prospects. Journal of Management, 12, 531-544.

    Google Scholar 

  • Principe, L. (1997). The real cost of a bad hire. Network World, 14, 53-54.

    Google Scholar 

  • Robinson, S. L., & Bennett, R. J. (1997). Workplace deviance: Its nature, its causes, and its manifestations. In R. J. Lewicki, R. J. Bies, & B. H. Sheppard (Eds.), Research on Negotiation in Organizations, vol. 6 (pp. 3-28). Greenwich, CT: JAI Press.

    Google Scholar 

  • Russell, J., & Russell, L. (1999). Watch for warning signs of “problem employees.” Credit Union Magazine, 6, 31.

    Google Scholar 

  • Salgado, J. (1997). The Five Factor Model of personality and job performance in the European community. Journal of Applied Psychology, 82, 30-43.

    Google Scholar 

  • Skarlicki, D.P., & Folger, R. (1998). Retaliation in the workplace: The roles of distributive, procedural, & interactional justice. Journal of Applied Psychology, 82, 434-443.

    Google Scholar 

  • Stone, E. F., & Hollenbeck, J. R. (1989). Clarifying some controversial issues surrounding statistical procedures for detecting moderator variables: Empirical evidence and related matters. Journal of Applied Psychology, 74, 3-10.

    Google Scholar 

  • Tett, R. P., Jackson, D. N., & Rothstein, M. (1991). Personality measures as predictors of job performance: A meta-analytic review. Personnel Psychology, 44, 703-742.

    Google Scholar 

  • Tupes, E. C., & Christal, R. E. (1958). Stability of personality trait factors obtained under diverse conditions (USAF WADC Tech. Note No. 58-61). Lackland AFB, TX: USAF.

    Google Scholar 

  • Van Scotter, J. R., & Motowidlo, S. J. (1996). Interpersonal facilitation and job dedication as separate facets of contextual performance. Journal of Applied Psychology, 81, 525-31.

    Google Scholar 

  • Vinchur, A., Schippmann, J., Switzer, F., & Roth, P. (1998). A meta-analytic review of predictors of job performance for salespeople. Journal of Applied Psychology, 4, 586-597.

    Google Scholar 

  • Wiggins, J. (1982). Circumplex models of interpersonal behavior in clinical psychology. In P. C. Kendall and J. N. Butcher (Eds.), Handbook of research methods in clinical psychology (pp. 183-221). New York: Wiley.

    Google Scholar 

  • Wiggins, J., & Trapnell, P. D. (1997). Personality structure: The return of the Big Five. In R. Hogan, J. Johnson, and S. Briggs (Eds.), Handbook of personality psychology (pp. 737-765). San Diego: Academic Press.

    Google Scholar 

  • Witt, L.A., Burke, L.A., Mount, M., & Barrick, M. (2002). The interaction of conscientiousness and agreeableness on work behavior. Journal of Applied Psychology, 87, 164-169.

    Google Scholar 

Download references

Author information

Authors and Affiliations

Authors

Corresponding author

Correspondence to L. A. Burke.

Rights and permissions

Reprints and permissions

About this article

Cite this article

Burke, L.A., Witt, L.A. Personality and High-Maintenance Employee Behavior. Journal of Business and Psychology 18, 349–363 (2004). https://doi.org/10.1023/B:JOBU.0000016711.90781.58

Download citation

  • Issue Date:

  • DOI: https://doi.org/10.1023/B:JOBU.0000016711.90781.58

Navigation