Abstract
Galacto-oligosaccharides (GOS) were synthesized from lactose by immobilized and free β-galactosidase from Kluyveromyces lactis (Lactozym 3000 L HP-G) using either focused microwave irradiation or conventional heating. Immobilization of the β-galactosidase on to Duolite A-568 increased the synthesis of GOS. GOS selectivity (GOS synthesis/lactose hydrolysis ratio) increased when the water activity of the media was reduced, notably with a high initial lactose concentration but also by using co-solvents in the media. The advantage of microwave heating on GOS formation was also examined. Addition of solvent and carrying out the reaction under microwave irradiation resulted an increase in the production of GOS. The selectivity for GOS synthesis can be increased by 217-fold under microwave irradiation, using immobilized β-glucosidase and with added co-solvents such as hexanol.
This is a preview of subscription content, log in via an institution to check access.
Similar content being viewed by others
References
Commarnot R, Diderot R, Gardais JF (1984) Rhône Poulenc/Prolabo, French Patent 84/03496.
Crout DHG, Vic G (1998) Glycosidases and glycosyl transferases in glycoside and oligosaccharide synthesis. Curr. Opin. Chem. Biol. 2: 98–111.
Flowers HM (1978) Chemical synthesis of oligosaccharides. Meth. Enzymol. 50: 93–121.
Guo Z, Wang PG (1997) Utilization of glycosyltransferases to change oligosaccharide structures. Appl. Biochem. Biotechnol. 6: 1–20.
Hughes DB, Hoover DG (1995) Viability and enzymatic activity of bifidobacteria in milk. J. Dairy Sci. 78: 268–276.
Kullen MJ, Khil J, Busta F, Gallaher D, Brady LJ (1998) Carbohydrate source and bifidobacteria influence the growth of clostridium perfringens in vivo and in vitro, Nutr. Res. 18: 1889–1897.
Laroute V, Willemot RM (1992) Effect of organic solvents on stability of two glycosidases and on glucoamylase–catalysed oligosaccharie synthesis. Enzyme Microb. Technol. 14: 528–536.
Lidström P, Tierney J, Wathey B, Westman J (2001) Microwave assisted organic synthesis, a review. Tetrahedron 57: 9225–9283.
Meylan WM, Howard PH (1995) Atom/fragment contribution method for estimating octanol–water partition coefficients. J. Pharm. Sci. 84: 83–92.
Monsan P, Paul P (1995) Enzymatic synthesis of oligosaccharides. FEMS Microbiol. Rev. 16: 187–192.
Öhrlein R (1999) Glycosyltransferase–catalyzed synthesis of nonnatural oligosaccharides. Top. Curr. Chem. 200: 227–254.
Perreux L, Loupy A (2001) A tentative rationalization of microwave effects in organic synthesis according to the reaction medium, and mechanistic considerations. Tetrahedron 57: 9199–9223.
Rastall RA, Bucke C (1992) Enzymatic synthesis of oligosaccharides. Biotechnol. Genet. Eng. Rev. 253–281.
Sharp R, Fishbain S, Macfarlane GT (2001) Effect of shortchain carbohydrates on human intestinal bifidobacteria and Escherichia coli in vitro. J. Med. Microbiol. 50: 152–160.
Vandenplas Y (2002) Oligosaccharides in infant formula. Br. J. Nutr. 87: 293–296.
Watt GM, Lowden PAS, Flitsch SL (1997) Enzyme–catalyzed formation of glycosidic linkages. Curr. Opin. Struct. Biol. 7: 652–660.
Author information
Authors and Affiliations
Rights and permissions
About this article
Cite this article
Maugard, T., Gaunt, D., Legoy, M.D. et al. Microwave-assisted synthesis of galacto-oligosaccharides from lactose with immobilized β-galactosidase from Kluyveromyces lactis . Biotechnology Letters 25, 623–629 (2003). https://doi.org/10.1023/A:1023060030558
Issue Date:
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1023/A:1023060030558