Abstract
Metabolic products of polyunsaturated fatty acids have been variously implicated in control of microbial pathogens. Induced resistance has been shown as one of the mechanisms of biological control by plant growth promoting rhizobacteria (PGPR). This paper reports a significant lipoxygenase (LOX) activity in groundnut seedlings with production of 13-hydroperoxyoctadecadienoic acid (13-HPODE) and 13-hydroperoxyoctadecatrienoic acid (13-HPOTrE) as major products with linoleic acid (LA) and α-linolenic acid (ALA), respectively. Both the hydroperoxides are inhibitory to the growth of Aspergillus niger as measured in micro titer plates. Ours is the first report on induction of LOX activities in groundnut on treatment with a PGPR strain Bacillus subtilis AF 1, and with crown-rot pathogen, A. niger. Treatment with B. subtilis AF 1 enhanced LOX levels in groundnut similarly but earlier to A. niger – treatment. This induction of LOX during activation of growth and pathogen infection was discussed in light of the reported involvement of LOX both in growth and development as well as in plant-pathogen interaction, particularly induced disease resistance.
Similar content being viewed by others
References
Alstrom S (1991) Induction of disease resistance in common bean susceptible to halo blight bacterial pathogen after seed bacterization with rhizosphere pseudomonads. J Gen Appl Microbiol 37: 495-501
Anderson AJ and Guerra D (1985) Responses of bean to root colonization with Pseudomonas putidain a hydroponic system. Phytopathology 75: 992-995
Choi D and Bostock RM (1994) Involvement of de novo protein synthesis, protein kinase, extracellular Ca 2+ and lipoxygenase in arachidonic acid induction of 3 hydroxy-3-methyl glutaryl coenzyme A reductase genes and isoprenoid accumulation in potato. Plant Physiol 104: 1237-1244
Croft KPC Voisey CR and Slusarenko AJ (1990) Mechanism of hypersensitive cell collapse: Correlation of increase lipoxygenase activity with membrane damage in leaves of Phaseolus vulgariscv Red mexican inoculated with avirulent race/cells of Pseudomonas syringaepv. phaseolicola. Physiol Mol Plant Pathol 36: 49-62
Croft KPC Juttner F and Slusarenko AJ (1993) Volatile products of the lipoxygenase pathway evolved from Phaseolus vulgaris (L.) leaves inoculated with Pseudomonas syringaepv. phaseolicola. Plant Physiol 101: 13-24
Glick BR (1995) The enhancement of plant growth by free-living bacteria. Can J Microbiol 41: 109-117
Hildebrand DF (1989) Lipoxygenases. Physiologia Plantarum 76: 249-253
Keppler LD and Novacky A (1986) Involvement of membrane lipid peroxidation in the development of bacterially induced hypersensitive reaction. Phytopathology 76: 104-108
Keppler LD and Novacky A (1987) The initiation of membrane lipid peroxidation during bacteria induced hypersensitive reaction. Physiol Mol Plant Pathol 30: 233-245
Kiran Kumar YV Sailesh S Prasad M and Reddanna P. (1992) Identification and product profiles of some plant lipoxygenases. Biochem Arch 8: 17-22
Kloepper JW and Schroth MN (1978) Plant growth-promoting rhizobacteria on radishes. In: Proceedings of 4th International Conference on Plant Pathogenic Bacteria 2: 879-882
Kloepper JW and Schroth MN (1981) Relationship of in vitro antibiosis of plant growth-promoting rhizobacteria to plant growth and the displacement of root microflora. Phytopathology 71: 1020-1024
Koch E Meier BM Eiben HG and Slusarenko A (1992) A lipoxygenase from leaves of tomato (Lycopersicon esculentum Mill.) is induced in response to plant pathogenic pseudomonads. Plant Physiol 99: 571-576
Leeman M van Pelt JA den Ouden FM Heinsbrock M Bakker PAHM and Schippers B (1995) Induction of systemic resistance by Pseudomonas fluorescensin radish cultivars differing in susceptibility to fusarium wilt, using a novel bioassay. Eur J Plant Pathol 101: 655-664
Li WX Kodama O and Akatsuka T (1991) Role of oxygenated fatty acids in rice phytoalexin production. Agric Biol Chem 55: 1041- 1047.
Liu W Hildebrand DF Grayburn WS Phillips GC and Collins GB (1991) Effects of exogenous auxins on expression of lipoxygenase in cultured soybean embryos. Plant Physiol 97: 969-976
Lowry OH Rosebrough NJ Farr AL and Randall RJ (1951) Protein measurement with the folin phenol reagent. J Biol Chem 193: 265-275.
Maurhofer M Hase C Meuwly P Metraux JP and Defago G ( 1994) Induction of systemic resistance of tobacco to tobacco necrosis virus by the root-colonizing Pseudomonas fluorescensstrain CHA0: Influence of the gacA gene and of pyoverdine production. Phytopathology 84: 139-146
Meera MS Shivanna MB Kageyama K and HyaKumachi M (1994) Plant growth promoting fungi from zoysiagrass rhizosphere as potential inducers of systemic resistance in cucumbers. Phytopathology 84: 1399-1406
Namai T Kato T Yamaguchi Y and Togashi J (1990) Time-course alteration of lipoxygenase activity in blast-infected rice leaves. Ann Phytopath Soc Japan 56: 26-32
Ohta H Shida K Morita Y Peng YL Furusawa I Shishiyama J Aibara S and Morita Y (1990) The occurrence of lipid hydroperoxide decomposing-enzyme activities in rice and the relationship of such activities to the formation of antifungal substances. Plant Cell Physiol 31: 1117-1122
Ohta H Shida K Peng YL Furusawa I Shishiyama J Aibara S and Morita Y (1991) A lipoxygenase pathway is activated in rice after infection with the rice blast fungus Magnaporthe grisea. Plant Physiol 97: 94-98
Podile AR and Dube HC (1988) Plant growth-promoting activity of Bacillus subtilisAF 1. Current science 57: 183-186
Podile AR Laxmi VDV Manjula K and Sailaja PR (1995) Bacillus subtilisAF 1 as biocontrol PGPR: towards understanding survival and mechanism of action In: Mycorrhizae: biofertilizers for the future (Eds.) A. Adholeya and S. Singh, TERI India pp. 506-509
Podile AR and Prakash AP (1996) Lysis and biological control of Aspergillus nigerby Bacillus subtilisAF1. Can J Microbiol 42: 533-538
Preisig CL and Kuc JA(1987) Inhibition by salicyl hydroxamic acid, BW755C, eicosa tetraenoic acid and disulfiram of hypersensitive resistance elicited by arachidonic acid or poly-l-lysine in potato tuber. Plant Physiol 84: 891-894
Reddanna P Whelan J Maddipati KR and Reddy CC (1990) Purification of arachidonate 5-lipoxygenase from potato tubers. Methods Enzymol 187: 268-277
Reddy GR Reddanna P Reddy CC and Curtis WR (1992) 11hydroperoxy eicosatetraenoic acid is themajor dioxygenase product of lipoxygenase isolated from hairy root cultures of Solanum tuberosum. Biochem Biophys Res Comm 189: 1349-1352
Rickauer M Fournier J Pouenat M-L Berthalon E Bottin A and Esquerre-Tugaye M-T (1990) Early changes in ethylene synthesis and lipoxygenase activity during defence induction in tobacco cells. Plant Physiol Biochem 28: 647-653
Slusarenko AJ Meier BM Croft KPC and Eiben HG(1993) Development in Plant Pathology. In: Fritig B, Legrand M. (eds.) Mechanisms of Plant Defense Responses. Kluwer Academic Publishers, Dordrecht. Vol II. 211-220
Tranbarger TJ Franceschi VR Hildebrand DF and Grimes HD(1991) The soybean 94-kilodalton vegetative storage protein is a lipoxy-genase that is localized in paraveinal mesophyll cell vacuoles. Plant Cell 3: 973-987
van Peer R Niemann GJ and Schippers B (1991) Induced resistance and phytoalexin accumulation in biological control of Fusari-umwilt of carnation by Pseudomonassp. strain WCS417r. Phytopathology 81: 728-734
Wei G Kloepper JW and Tuzun S (1991) Induction of systemic resistance of cucumber to Colletotrichum orbiculareby selected strains of plant growth promoting rhizobacteria. Phytopathology 81: 1508-1512
Xu Y Chang PL Liu D Narasimhan ML Roghothama KG Hasegawa PM and Bressan RA (1994) Plant defense genes are synergistically induced by ethylene and methyl jasmonate. Plant Cell 6: 1077-1085
Yamamoto H and Tani T (1986) Possible involvement of lipoxygenase in the mechanism of resistance of oats to Puccinia coronataavenae. J Phytopathol 116: 329-337.
Author information
Authors and Affiliations
Rights and permissions
About this article
Cite this article
Sailaja, P., Podile, A. & Reddanna, P. Biocontrol strain of Bacillus subtilis AF 1 rapidly induces lipoxygenase in groundnut (Arachis hypogaea L.) compared to crown rot pathogen Aspergillus niger. European Journal of Plant Pathology 104, 125–132 (1998). https://doi.org/10.1023/A:1008638608639
Issue Date:
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1023/A:1008638608639