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Tissue lipid peroxidative responses in Atlantic salmon (Salmo salar L.) parr fed high levels of dietary copper and cadmium

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Atlantic salmon (Salmo salar L.) parr were fed for one month on fish meal based diets supplemented with Cd (0, 0.7, or 204 mg Cd kg−1 DW) or Cu (0, 34, or 691 mg Cu kg−1 DW) to assess the effects of non-essential (Cd) and essential (Cu) dietary metals on lipid peroxidation and the oxidative defence system. Cadmium accumulated significantly in the liver, intestine, and kidney of 204 mg Cd kg−1exposed fish compared to controls. Copper accumulated significantly in the intestine, kidney, and liver of fish exposed to 691 mg Cu kg−1, and in the intestine of 34 mg Cu kg−1 exposed fish. Tissue Cu accumulation significantly increased intestinal and hepatic lipid peroxidation (as seen from thiobarbituric acid reactive substances, TBARS, levels) and subsequently decreased intestinal α-tocopherol levels and increased intestinal and hepatic selenium dependent glutathione peroxidase (SeGSH-Px) activity. Dietary Cd significantly reduced SeGSH-Px activity in the intestine and liver of 204 mg Cd kg−1 exposed fish compared to controls. No significant increase in tissue TBARS or reduction of α-tocopherol levels was observed in the intestine of fish exposed to dietary Cd, with exception of the highest exposure group (204 mg Cd kg−1). Dietary Cu caused depletion of tissue Se and glutathione levels, however the reduced availability of GSH and Se did not seem to explain the differences in SeGSH-Px activity. Dietary Cu had a direct effect on lipid peroxidation at a relatively low concentration (34 mg Cu kg−1). Cadmium indirectly affected tissue lipid peroxidation by damaging the oxidative defence system at the highest dietary concentration (204 mg Cd kg−1).

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Authors and Affiliations

  1. Directorate of Fisheries, Institute of Nutrition, P.O. Box 185, N-5002, Bergen, Norway

    Marc H.G. Berntssen, Anne-Katrine Lundebye & Kristin Hamre

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  1. Marc H.G. Berntssen
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  2. Anne-Katrine Lundebye
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Berntssen, M.H., Lundebye, AK. & Hamre, K. Tissue lipid peroxidative responses in Atlantic salmon (Salmo salar L.) parr fed high levels of dietary copper and cadmium. Fish Physiology and Biochemistry 23, 35–48 (2000). https://doi.org/10.1023/A:1007894816114

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